Características biológicas de Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) nos hospedeiros Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) e Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) é um endoparasitoide pupal de lepidópteros e tem sido estudado como agente potencial no controle biológico de pragas. Para o desenvolvimento de técnicas de criação de parasitoides, é necessária a escolha do hospedeiro alternativo adequado, assim, o objetivo deste artigo é avaliar as características biológicas de T. diatraeae em relação aos hospedeiros Bombyx mori Linneaus (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) e Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), em laboratório. Doze pupas de B. mori e doze pupas D. saccharalis, com 72 e 24 h de vida, respectivamente, foram expostas ao parasitismo por 21 fêmeas parasitoides a 25 ± 1ºC, com umidade relativa de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 14 h. A duração do ciclo de vida (ovo – adulto) de T. diatraeae foi de 19,44 ± 0,12 dias em pupas de D. saccharalis e 18,00 ± 0,05 dias em pupas de B. mori, a emergência de progênie do parasitoide foi 66,60% em pupas de D. saccharalis e 75,00% em pupas de B. mori. A progênie de T. diatraeae foi de 354,50 ± 43,21 por pupa de D. saccharalis e 469,11 ± 15,19 por pupa de B. mori. Trichospilus diatraeae demonstrou adequabilidade ao hospedeiro e sua capacidade de parasitar diferentes hospedeiros

Biological characteristics of Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenopetra: Eulophidae) in the hosts Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) and Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a pupal endoparasitoid of lepidoptera and it has been studied as a potential agent for biological control of pests. For developing techniques to breed parasitoids, there is a need to choose the appropriate alternative host, thus, this article aims to evaluate the biological characteristics of T. diatraeae with regard to the hosts Bombyx mori Linneaus (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) and Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), in laboratory. Twelve pupae of B. mori and twelve pupae of D. saccharalis, within 72 and 24 h of life, respectively, were exposed to parasitism by 21 female parasitoids at 25 ± 1°C, with relative humidity 70 ± 10% and photophase of 14 h. Life-cycle duration (egg – adult) of T. diatraeae was 19.44 ± 0.12 days in pupae of D. saccharalis and 18.00 ± 0.05 days in pupae of B. mori, the emergence of parasitoid progeny was 66.60% in pupae of D. saccharalis, and 75.00% in pupae of B. mori. The progeny of T. diatraeae was 354.50 ± 43.21 per pupa of D. saccharalis and 469.11 ± 15.19 per pupa of B. mori. Trichospilus diatraeae showed suitability to the host and its ability to parasitize various hosts

Searching and parasitism of diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) by trichospilus diatraeae (hymenoptera: eulophidae)

The ability of Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian and Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to search and parasitize Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae in sugarcane stalks was evaluated. To analyze the ability for search and parasitism were used stalks of sugarcane (20 cm) where it was introduced a pupa of D. saccharalis (T1); a pupa and a caterpillar (T2) or a pupa and fecal matter (T3). Each stalk was placed in a transparent plastic bottle with 21 females of T. diatraeae. These pupae were isolated, after 72 h, in glass tubes at 25 ± 2 ºC, 70 ± 10 % relative humidity, 14:10 light/dark. The experiment was developed in an entirely casualized design with three treatments and 12 repetitions. Percentage of D. saccharalis pupa parasitized by T. diatraeae was 50.00 %, 83.33 % and 16.66 % in the T1, T2 and T3, respectively (c2 = 3.896, p=0.04). The presence of D. saccharalis caterpillars favored searching and parasitism of this host.La capacidad de Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian y Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) para buscar y parasitar las pupas de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en los tallos de la caña de azúcar fue estudiada. Para analizar la habilidad de búsqueda y parasitismo fueron utilizados tallos de la caña de azúcar (20 cm) donde se introdujo una pupa de D. saccharalis (T1); pupas y orugas (T2) o pupa y residuos fecales (T3). Cada tallo fue colocado en una botella plástica transparente con 21 hembras de T. diatraeae. Esas pupas fueron individualizadas, luego de 72 h, en tubos de vidrio a 25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10 % UR y 14 h de foto período. El experimento se desarrolló en un diseño completamente al azar, con tres tratamientos y 12 repeticiones. Los porcentajes de pupas de D. saccharalis parasitados por T. diatraeae fueron del 50,00 %, 83,33 % y 16,66 % en el T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente (c2 = 3.896, p = 0,04). La presencia de D. saccharalis en los tallos de caña de azúcar favorecieron la búsqueda y parasitismo de su hospedero

Densidade de fêmeas de Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) por pupa de Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Density of parasitoid females affects their capacity to develop within the host. The number of Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) females per pupa of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was adjusted to study the effect of parasitoid production in the laboratory. Host pupae were parasitised by females of T. diatraeae at densities of 1:1, 7:1, 14:1, 21:1, 28:1 and 35:1 (parasitoid:host). The females of the parasitoid remained in contact with pupae for 24 h in glass tubes (8.5 × 2.5 cm), packed in a climatic chamber regulated at 25 ± 2ºC, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and light regime of 14 h. The percentage of parasitism and emergence of T. diatraeae on pupae of D. saccharalis was 100% in all parasitoid densities. The length of thr cycle (egg-adult) of Trichospilus diatraeae was 19.25 ± 0.22 days at a density of 1:1 and 17.00 ± 0.00 days at 35:1. The offspring number of T. diatraeae was 106.00 ± 12.38 and 514.67 ± 54.55 individuals per pupa at densities of 1:1 and 35:1, respectively. The sex ratio decreased with increasing density, ranging between 0.97 ± 0.01 and 0.89 ± 0.01 at densities of 1:1 and 35:1, respectively. The percentages of parasitism and emergence of T. diatraeae on pupae of D. saccharalis were not affected by the densities of female parasitoids. The densities of 14 to 21 females of T. diatraeae per pupa of D. saccharalis are suitable for rearing this parasitoid under laboratory conditions.A densidade de fêmeas parasitoides interfere na capacidade de parasitar hospedeiros. O número de fêmeas de Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) por pupa de Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) foi determinado para criação desse parasitoide em laboratório. Pupas do hospedeiro foram submetidas ao parasitismo por fêmeas de T. diatraeae nas densidades 1:1, 7:1, 14:1, 21:1, 28:1 e 35:1 (parasitoide:hospedeiro). As fêmeas parasitoides e as pupas foram acondicionadas em tubos de vidro (8,5 × 2,5 cm) e mantidas em contato por 24 h, em câmara climatizada a 25 ± 2ºC, 70 ± 10% de umidade relativa e fotofase de 14 h. A porcentagem de parasitismo e emergência de T. diatraeae sobre pupas de D. saccharalis foi de 100% em todas as densidades do parasitoide. A duração do ciclo biológico (ovo-adulto) de T. diatraeae foi de 19,25 ± 0,22 dias na densidade de 1:1 e 17,00 ± 0,00 dias na de 35:1. A progênie por pupa variou de 106,00 ± 12,38 a 514,67 ± 54,55 descendentes por pupa nas densidades 1:1 e 35:1, respectivamente. A razão sexual diminuiu com o aumento da densidade, variando entre 0,97 ± 0,01 e 0,89 ± 0,01 nas densidades 1:1 e 35:1, respectivamente. As porcentagens de parasitismo e emergência de T. diatraeae sobre pupas de D. saccharalis não foram influenciadas pelas densidades de fêmeas do parasitoide. As densidades de 14 a 21 fêmeas de T. diatraeae por pupa de D. saccharalis são mais adequadas para criação desse parasitoide em condições de laboratório

RECORD OF Tetrastichus howardi (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) PARASITIZING Diatraea sp. (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) IN SUGARCANE CROP IN BRAZIL

The biological control has been considered a viable alternative and new research are carried out to improving efficiency or addition of new natural enemies. We present the record of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing Diatraea sp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae and pupae. Diatraea sp. pupae parasitized by T. howardi were collected in the sugarcane crop in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil and has been maintained on D. saccharalis pupae in laboratory. Beyond recording this natural enemy in the field, data on parasitism of D. saccharalis larvae in laboratory by T. howardi are presented. These results indicate that T. howardi parasitize and develops into Diatraea sp. larvae and pupae and its potential biocontrol agent of this pest in the sugarcane crop should be investigated

Reproduction of Trichospilus diatraeae in Diatraea saccharalis after three generations in Tenebrio molitor

The successive rearing of parasitoids in factitious hosts may affect its biological quality. Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has been studied for the biological control of sugarcane borer [Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)]. This study aimed to evaluate whether the rearing of T. diatraeae for three generations in the factitious host Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) affects its reproductive performance, when subsequently reared in the natural host pupae D. saccharalis. Two groups of T. diatraeae were reared separately for three generations: one in pupae of T. molitor and the other in pupae of D. saccharalis. Subsequently, 20 pupae of D. saccharalis were exposed, for 72 hours, to the parasitism of T. diatraeae females reared earlier in pupae of T. molitor or D. saccharalis. The successive rearing of T. diatraeae in the factitious host did not affect the number of pupae parasitized and the number of pupae in which the emergence of parasitoids occurred in the natural host D. saccharalis, and increased the longevity of females and the sex ratio of T. diatraeae. The progeny, duration of developmental cycle (egg to adult), width of head capsule of males and females and longevity of males of T. diatraeae were similar on both treatments. T. diatraeae can be reared in the factitious host T. molitor for three generations without compromising its reproductive performance, when subsequently reared in the natural host D. saccharalis

SEARCHING AND PARASITISM OF Diatraea saccharalis (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) BY Trichospilus diatraeae (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The ability of Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian and Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to search and parasitize Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae in sugarcane stalks was evaluated. To analyze the ability for search and parasitism were used stalks of sugarcane (20 cm) where it was introduced a pupa of D. saccharalis (T1); a pupa and a caterpillar (T2) or a pupa and fecal matter (T3). Each stalk was placed in a transparent plastic bottle with 21 females of T. diatraeae. These pupae were isolated, after 72 h, in glass tubes at 25 ± 2 ºC, 70 ± 10 % relative humidity, 14:10 light/dark. The experiment was developed in an entirely casualized design with three treatments and 12 repetitions. Percentage of D. saccharalis pupa parasitized by T. diatraeae was 50.00 %, 83.33 % and 16.66 % in the T1, T2 and T3, respectively (c2 = 3.896, p=0.04). The presence of D. saccharalis caterpillars favored searching and parasitism of this host.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span style="line-height: 20px;">La capacidad de Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian y Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) para buscar y parasitar las </span><span style="line-height: 20px;">pupas de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en los tallos de la caña de azúcar fue estudiada. Para </span><span style="line-height: 20px;">analizar la habilidad de búsqueda y parasitismo fueron utilizados tallos de la caña de azúcar (20 cm) donde se introdujo una </span><span style="line-height: 20px;">pupa de D. saccharalis (T1); pupas y orugas (T2) o pupa y residuos fecales (T3). Cada tallo fue colocado en una botella plástica </span><span style="line-height: 20px;">transparente con 21 hembras de T. diatraeae. Esas pupas fueron individualizadas, luego de 72 h, en tubos de vidrio a 25 ± </span><span style="line-height: 20px;">1°C, 70 ± 10 % UR y 14 h de foto período. El experimento se desarrolló en un diseño completamente al azar, con tres </span><span style="line-height: 20px;">tratamientos y 12 repeticiones. Los porcentajes de pupas de D. saccharalis parasitados por T. diatraeae fueron del 50,00 %, 83,33 </span><span style="line-height: 20px;">% y 16,66 % en el T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente (c</span><span style="line-height: 20px;">2 = 3.896, p = 0,04). La presencia de D. saccharalis en los tallos de caña de </span><span style="line-height: 20px;">azúcar favorecieron la búsqueda y parasitismo de su hospedero.</span></p

Búsqueda y parasitismo de Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) por Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

The ability of Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian and Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to search and parasitize Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae in sugarcane stalks was evaluated. To analyze the ability for search and parasitism were used stalks of sugarcane (20 cm) where it was introduced a pupa of D. saccharalis (T1); a pupa and a caterpillar (T2) or a pupa and fecal matter (T3). Each stalk was placed in a transparent plastic bottle with 21 females of T. diatraeae. These pupae were isolated, after 72 h, in glass tubes at 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10 % relative humidity, 14:10 light/dark. The experiment was developed in an entirely casualized design with three treatments and 12 repetitions. Percentage of D. saccharalis pupa parasitized by T. diatraeae was 50.00 %, 83.33 % and 16.66 % in the T1, T2 and T3, respectively (X2 = 3.896, p= 0.04). The presence of D. saccharalis caterpillars favored searching and parasitism of this host.La capacidad de Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian e Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) para buscar y parasitar las pupas de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en los tallos de la caña de azúcar fue estudiada. Para analizar la habilidad de búsqueda y parasitismo fueron utilizados tallos de la caña de azúcar (20 cm) donde se introdujo una pupa de D. saccharalis (T1); pupas y orugas (T2) o pupa y residuos fecales (T3). Cada tallo fue colocado en una botella plástica transparente con 21 hembras de T. diatraeae. Esas pupas fueron individualizadas, luego de 72 h, en tubos de vidrio a 25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10 % UR y 14 h de foto período. El experimento se desarrolló en un diseño completamente al azar, con tres tratamientos y 12 repeticiones. Los porcentajes de pupas de D. saccharalis parasitados por T. diatraeae fueron del 50,00 %, 83,33 % y 16,66 % en el T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente (X2 = 3.896, p = 0,04). La presencia de D. saccharalis en los tallos de caña de azúcar favorecieron la búsqueda y parasitismo de su hospedero

SEARCHING AND PARASITISM OF Diatraea saccharalis (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) BY SEARCHING AND PARASITISM OF Diatraea saccharalis (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) BY Trichospilus diatraeae (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) Búsqueda y parasitismo de Diatraea saccharalis (Lepi

ABSTRACT The ability of Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian and Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to search and parasitize Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae in sugarcane stalks was evaluated. To analyze the ability for search and parasitism were used stalks of sugarcane (20 cm) where it was introduced a pupa of D. saccharalis (T1); a pupa and a caterpillar (T2) or a pupa and fecal matter (T3). Each stalk was placed in a transparent plastic bottle with 21 females of T. diatraeae. These pupae were isolated, after 72 h, in glass tubes at 25 ± 2 ºC, 70 ± 10 % relative humidity, 14:10 light/dark. The experiment was developed in an entirely casualized design with three treatments and 12 repetitions. Percentage of D. saccharalis pupa parasitized by T. diatraeae was 50 %, 83.33 % and 16.66 % in the T1, T2 and T3, respectively (c 2 = 3.896, p= 0.04). The presence of D. saccharalis caterpillars favored searching and parasitism of this host. Keywords: biological control, host location, parasitoid. RESUMEN La capacidad de Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian y Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) para buscar y parasitar las pupas de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en los tallos de la caña de azúcar fue estudiada. Para analizar la habilidad de búsqueda y parasitismo fueron utilizados tallos de la caña de azúcar (20 cm) donde se introdujo una pupa de D. saccharalis (T1); pupas y orugas (T2) o pupa y residuos fecales (T3). Cada tallo fue colocado en una botella plástica transparente con 21 hembras de T. diatraeae. Esas pupas fueron individualizadas, luego de 72 h, en tubos de vidrio a 25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10 % UR y 14 h de foto período. El experimento se desarrolló en un diseño completamente al azar, con tres tratamientos y 12 repeticiones. Los porcentajes de pupas de D. saccharalis parasitadas por T. diatraeae fueron del 50 %, 83,33 % y 16,66 % en el T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente (c 2 = 3.896, p = 0,04). La presencia de D. saccharalis en los tallos de caña de azúcar favorecieron la búsqueda y parasitismo de su hospedero. Palabras clave: control biológico, localización hospedero, parasitoide. Acta biol. Colomb., 18(2):259-264, mayo -agosto de 2013 -259 Artículo de investigación ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA RESUMO A capacidade de Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian e Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) para procurar e parasitar pupas de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) em colmos de cana-de-açúcar foi avaliada. Para analisar a capacidade de busca e parasitismo foram usados colmos de cana-de-açúcar (20 cm), onde foi introduzida uma pupa de D. saccharalis (T1); uma pupa e uma lagarta (T2) or uma pupa e resíduo fecal (T3). Cada colmo foi colocado em uma garrafa plástica transparente com 21 fêmeas de T. diatraeae. Essas pupas foram retiradas dos colmos após 72 h, e colocadas em tubos de vidro a 25 ± 2 º C, 70 ± 10 % de umidade relativa e fotofase de 14 h. O experimento foi desenvolvido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e 12 repetições. A porcentagem de pupas de D. saccharalis parasitadas por T. diatraeae foi de 50 %, 83,33 % e 16,66 % em T1, T2 e T3, respectivamente (c 2 = 3,896, p = 0,04). A presença de lagartas de D. saccharalis favoreceu a busca e parasitismo deste hospedeiro