2 research outputs found
X-ray fluorescent spectral analysis in forensic medical assessment of injuries caused by electric shock devices
Introduction and purpose. Electroshock devices are a type of non-lethal weapon and are widely used. The systematized data concerning the forensic medical assessment of injuries caused by electric shock devices are extremely limited. The purpose of the study was to increase the efficiency of forensic assessment of injuries caused by electroshock devices by using the methods of elemental analysis, namely, X-ray fluorescence spectral analysis. Methods. During the experiment, the electric discharges were applied to the skin flaps using electric shock devices under two conditions, namely, in close contact of the ESD electrodes with the skin and from a distance of 3-5 mm. A macroscopic study of skin changes obtained due to the electric impact of electric shock devices was carried out, as well as X-ray fluorescence spectral analysis to establish qualitative and quantitative indicators of the chemical elemental composition of the studied objects. Results. It was found that under the condition of causing damage from a distance the formation of macroscopically visible changes resembling the typical electric burn was observed. No increase in the concentration of chemical elements (metals) is determined in all samples of biological material after the impact of electric discharges of ESD in this condition. Under the condition of close contact of the electrodes of electric shock devices with the surface of the skin no macroscopically distinguishable lesions were found on the skin. The XRF spectral analysis revealed metal deposits in the areas of skin flaps that were subject to ESD. Conclusion. The XRF spectral analysis can be useful tool for objective confirmation of the action of electroshock devices.</pre
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²
Background. Electroshock devices are a type of non-lethal weapon and are widely used, including law enforcement as a special weapon. At the same time, the systematized data concerning the forensic medical assessment of injuries caused by electric shock devices are extremely limited, which makes it advisable to study injuries of this nature. Objective. Study of macroscopic and microscopic changes on biological material resulting from the electric impact of electroshock devices in the condition of close contact electrodes with skin and from a distance, as well as through various fabric materials of closing. An object of this study are morphological changes in the skin resulting from the electric discharges of electroshock weapon. Methods. During the experiment, the electric discharges were applied to the skin flaps using electric shock devices. The duration of electrical discharges was 5-8 seconds. A macroscopic study of skin changes obtained due to the electric impact of electric shock devices was carried out, as well as a study of microscopic skin changes after standard staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Results. It was found that under the condition of close contact of the electrodes of electric shock devices with the surface of the skin, with a discharge duration of 5-8 seconds, no macroscopically distinguishable lesions were found on the skin. Microscopic examination revealed minor changes. Under the condition of causing damage from a distance of about 0.5-1 cm, which was accompanied with the passage of a spark discharge between the electrodes and the skin, the formation of macroscopically visible changes resembling the typical electric burn was observed. A similar pattern was observed when damage was applied through layers of fabric (cotton, linen, polyester), but the electric impact through different fabric demonstrate some differences in the morphology of skin lesions. Microscopic examination in skin tissues revealed pronounced changes inherent to thermal and electrical injuries. Conclusion. Differences in the morphological manifestations of skin lesions can be used in the practice of forensic medicine for determination of the usage conditions of electroshock devices.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ 5-8 ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π΄) ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π° 5-8 ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π΄, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 0,5-1ΡΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ (Ρ
Π»ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΊ, Π»Π΅Π½, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ) Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ².ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π·Π±ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ², ΡΠΊ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΠ±. Π Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π· ΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π·ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ² Π·Π° ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ° Π· Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΡΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ³Ρ. ΠΠ±'ΡΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ: ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΊΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠ² Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ (Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΡ 5-8 ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π΄) Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΏΡΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ² Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ ΡΠΊΡΡΠΈ Π· ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ ΡΠΊΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±Π°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π° ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ² Π·Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ΄Ρ 5-8 ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π΄, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½Ρ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π· Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎ 0,5-1ΡΠΌ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ (Π±Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°, Π»ΡΠΎΠ½, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ) ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ ΡΠΊΡΡΠΈ, Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΡΠ·Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ. ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π²Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π΄ΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ²