Gobernanza desde un ámbito político y de comunidad frente a la autogestión, calidad y cobertura del agua caso vereda San Isidro Cundinamarca

El presente artículo explora el concepto de gobernanza en la gestión que se ha dado en la comunidad de la vereda San Isidro, Cundinamarca, acerca del desarrollo del aprovechamiento del recurso hídrico en pro del auto sostenimiento de los habitantes de la vereda; se evalúa la calidad, servicio, gestión estatal y la relación de las políticas públicas para el cubrimiento de las necesidades de la sociedad. El estudio de caso arroja como conclusión, la percepción que se tiene desde la comunidad y el aporte que reciben de los entes gubernamentales, los cuales están dirigidos principalmente a la regulación del recurso que fue obtenido por iniciativa de la comunidad. No obstante la reglamentación del servicio no está enfocada tanto a mejorar las condiciones del recurso, como a limitar su uso.This article explores the concept of governance from the theoretical point of view to the management that has been given from the community of San Isidro, Cundinamarca, towards the development of the use of water resources for the self-sustainability of the inhabitants of the path, quality, service, state management and the relationship of public policies towards the coverage of society's needs are evaluated. The case study shows, as a conclusion, the perception that is had from the community and the contribution that they receive from the governmental bodies, which are mainly directed to the regulation of the resource that was obtained by initiative of the community, nevertheless such regulation does not is focused on improving the conditions of the resource, rather to limit its use

Gobernanza desde un ámbito político y de comunidad frente a la autogestión, calidad y cobertura del agua caso vereda San Isidro Cundinamarca

El presente artículo explora el concepto de gobernanza en la gestión que se ha dado en la comunidad de la vereda San Isidro, Cundinamarca, acerca del desarrollo del aprovechamiento del recurso hídrico en pro del auto sostenimiento de los habitantes de la vereda; se evalúa la calidad, servicio, gestión estatal y la relación de las políticas públicas para el cubrimiento de las necesidades de la sociedad. El estudio de caso arroja como conclusión, la percepción que se tiene desde la comunidad y el aporte que reciben de los entes gubernamentales, los cuales están dirigidos principalmente a la regulación del recurso que fue obtenido por iniciativa de la comunidad. No obstante la reglamentación del servicio no está enfocada tanto a mejorar las condiciones del recurso, como a limitar su uso.This article explores the concept of governance from the theoretical point of view to the management that has been given from the community of San Isidro, Cundinamarca, towards the development of the use of water resources for the self-sustainability of the inhabitants of the path, quality, service, state management and the relationship of public policies towards the coverage of society's needs are evaluated. The case study shows, as a conclusion, the perception that is had from the community and the contribution that they receive from the governmental bodies, which are mainly directed to the regulation of the resource that was obtained by initiative of the community, nevertheless such regulation does not is focused on improving the conditions of the resource, rather to limit its [email protected]

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field