Are Companies Committed to Preventing Gender Violence against Women? The Role of the Manager’s Implicit Resistance

This study aims to provide evidence that managers’ commitment towards preventing gender violence against women is affected by implicit resistance from the patriarchal culture. A structured questionnaire was given to 673 managers of 243 small, medium, and large private companies in Metropolitan Lima, Peru. We design and test a conceptual model using covariance-based structural equation modeling. Even though 90.3% of managers report being committed to and in favor of preventing gender violence in companies, 48.6% have intense implicit resistance against it. In general, 3 out of 4 managers do not believe in violence against women because they consider it “biased”, and think that policies should only talk about family or partner violence. In addition, 2 out of 4 believe that equality policies have “hidden interests” that generate mistrust. The structural equations show that implicit resistance, directly and indirectly, decreases managers’ commitment and actions towards preventing gender violence in organizations. Gender biases, irrational beliefs about sexual violence, and a lack of appreciation of gender equality strongly predict these resistances. Business involvement in the prevention of gender violence is a more complex process than expected, requiring a reinforced strategy aimed at overcoming managers’ implicit resistance

Academic presenteeism and violence against women in schools of business and engineering in Peruvian universities

The aim of the current study was to demonstrate the relationship between violence against women (VAW) in intimate partner relationships and academic presenteeism of students enrolled in business and engineering programs, at Peruvian universities. This study adopted an exploratory cross-sectional survey design through a survey of 2640 university students from the business and engineering schools of 34 Peruvian universities. It was found that 96.5% of the respondents reported academic presenteeism and 32.0% are survivors of VAW. Partial least squares regression found that VAW generates 8.47 days lost due to academic presenteeism, which at the same time generates 15.12 critical incidents with professors and colleagues, during the academic year. Finally, it was demonstrated that VAW is a determining factor that explains 7.2% of university students’ academic presenteeism. This study is among the very few that empirically seek to explore the actual time that students use in a day at university. Thus, it measured actual academic productive hours of university students in Peru.L'objectif de cette étude est démontrer le rapport entre la violence contre les femmes (VCM) en ce qui concerne les relations avec leurs partenaires intimes et l'assiduité scolaire des élèves inscrits à des programmes d'affaires et de l'ingénierie, dans les universités péruviennes. Cette étude a adopté un plan d'enquête transversale exploratoire auprès de 2640 étudiants des écoles de commerce et d'ingénieurs dans 34 universités péruviennes. On a constaté que 96,5% des étudiants enquêtés ont déclaré avoir assiduité, tandis que le 32,0% sont des survivants de la VCM. La régression par des moindres carrés partiels montre que la VCM provoque 8,47 jours scolaires perdus à l'université, ceux qu’en même temps entraîne 15,12 disputes avec les enseignants et les collègues étudiants, au cours de l'année scolaire. Enfin, il a été démontré que la VCM explique un 7,2% de l’assiduité des étudiants universitaires. Cette étude est parmi les très rares recherches qui explorent l'emploi du temps des élèves dans une même journée. Nous avons donc la quantité d’heures productives académiques des étudiants universitaires au Pérou.El objetivo del presente estudio es demostrar la relación entre la violencia contra las mujeres (VCM) en las relaciones de pareja íntima y el presentismo académico de los estudiantes matriculados en programas de negocios e ingeniería en universidades peruanas. Este estudio adoptó un diseño de encuesta transversal exploratoria a través de una encuesta a 2640 estudiantes universitarios de las escuelas de negocios e ingeniería de 34 universidades peruanas. Se encontró que el 96,5% de los encuestados reportaron presentismo académico y el 32% son sobrevivientes de VCM. La regresión de mínimos cuadrados parciales mostró que la VCM genera 8,47 días perdidos debido al presentismo académico, el cual, al mismo tiempo, genera 15,12 incidentes críticos con profesores y colegas durante el año académico. Finalmente, se demostró que la VCM es un factor determinante que explica el 7,2% del presentismo académico de los estudiantes universitarios. Este estudio se encuentra entre los pocos que empíricamente buscan explorar el tiempo real que los estudiantes usan en un día en la universidad, por lo que midió las horas productivas académicas reales de estudiantes universitarios en Perú