Profilaxis y tratamiento del angioedema hereditario y adquirido en el HUB; utilización del inhibidor de la C1-esterasa

Introducción: el angioedema hereditario o adquirido está producido por el déficit del inhibidor de la esterasa del primer componente del complemento (C1-INH). Se caracteriza por síntomas transitorios de hinchazón de tejidos subcutáneos, pared intestinal y vías respiratorias superiores, que puede derivar en muerte por asfixia. Se presenta la fisiopatología, clasificación, diagnóstico y tratamiento, así como un seguimiento de los pacientes diagnosticados, a los que se les entrega 1 vial de concentrado de C1-INH (Berinert ®), valorando la aportación del Servicio de Farmacia en el circuito de dispensación y control de dicho fármaco. Material y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda a través de PubMed y otras fuentes relevantes. Mediante las recetas controladas se tomaron los datos del paciente y de las dispensaciones e indicación de Berinert®; se completó el seguimiento mediante la historia clínica, los datos de laboratorio y la entrevista al paciente cuando fue preciso. Resultados: del total de 9 casos, 8 fueron angioedema hereditario y 1 adquirido. El danazol se utilizó como profilaxis a largo plazo en 8 casos, pero sus efectos secundarios obligaron a discontinuarlo en alguno de ellos. El concentrado de C1-INH fue efectivo en los 6 brotes agudos detectados en el estudio, así como en las 3 profilaxis quirúrgicas (consumo global de 6.500 U). Conclusión: el danazol fue un fármaco eficaz como profilaxis, pero con efectos secundarios importantes. El concentrado de C1-INH ha sido eficaz tanto en la profilaxis como en el tratamiento de los brotes agudos. El Servicio de Farmacia dispondrá de un stock suficiente de producto

Manejo de la inmunosupresión en pacientes trasplantados de riñón con COVID19. Estudio multicéntrico nacional derivado del registro COVID de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología

Introduction: SARS CoV2 infection has had a major impact on renal transplant patients with a high mortality in the first months of the pandemic. Intentional reduction of immunosuppressive therapy has been postulated as one of the cornerstone in the management of the infection in the absence of targeted antiviral treatment. This has been modified according to the patient`s clinical situation and its effect on renal function or anti-HLA antibodies in the medium term has not been evaluated.Objectives: Evaluate the management of immunosuppressive therapy made during SARS-CoV2 infection, as well as renal function and anti-HLA antibodies in kidney transplant patients 6 months after COVID19 diagnosis.Material and methods: Retrospective, national multicentre, retrospective study (30 centres) of kidney transplant recipients with COVID19 from 01/02/20 to 31/12/20. Clinical variables were collected from medical records and included in an anonymised database. SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis.Results: renal transplant recipients with COVID19 were included (62.6% male), with a mean age of 57.5 years. The predominant immunosuppressive treatment prior to COVID19 was triple therapy with prednisone, tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid (54.6%) followed by m-TOR inhibitor regimens (18.6%). After diagnosis of infection, mycophenolic acid was discontinued in 73.8% of patients, m-TOR inhibitor in 41.4%, tacrolimus in 10.5% and cyclosporin A in 10%. In turn, 26.9% received dexamethasone and 50.9% were started on or had their baseline prednisone dose increased. Mean creatinine before diagnosis of COVID19, at diagnosis and at 6 months was: 1.7 +/- 0.8, 2.1 +/- 1.2 and 1.8 +/- 1 mg/dl respectively (p < 0.001). 56.9% of the patients (N = 350) were monitored for anti-HLA antibodies. 94% (N = 329) had no anti-HLA changes, while 6% (N = 21) had positive anti-HLA antibodies. Among the patients with donor-specific antibodies post-COVID19 (N = 9), 7 patients (3.1%) had one immunosuppressant discontinued (5 patients had mycophenolic acid and 2 had tacrolimus), 1 patient had both immunosuppressants discontinued (3.4%) and 1 patient had no change in immunosuppression (1.1%), these differences were not significant.Conclusions: The management of immunosuppressive therapy after diagnosis of COVID19 was primarily based on discontinuation of mycophenolic acid with very discrete reductions or discontinuations of calcineurin inhibitors. This immunosuppression management did not influence renal function or changes in anti-HLA antibodies 6 months after diagnosis

Conocimientos sobre riesgo de embarazo y autoeficacia en hombres adolescentes:apoyo parental y factores escolares

Objetivo. Identificar la asociación entre conocimiento sobre riesgo de embarazo y autoeficacia en el uso del condón, con el apoyo parental y factores escolares, en hom­bres. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal con 448 estudiantes en Puebla y Morelos. Se ajustaron dos modelos logísticos. Resultados. Los conocimientos sobre riesgo de embarazo se asocian con el que los padres hablen sobre sexualidad (RM=2.45, IC95% 1.35-4.47), con el agrado por asistir a la escuela (RM=2.18, IC95% 1.15-4.13), con el que los profesores hablen frecuentemente/muy frecuentemente sobre equidad de género (RM=1.69, IC95% 1.06-2.67) y con la edad (RM=1.77, IC95%1.26-2.50). La autoeficacia en el uso de condón se relaciona con el que los padres hablen sobre sexualidad (RM=1.80, IC95% 1.01-3.20), con el agrado por asistir a la escuela (RM=2.60, IC95% 1.42-4.77), con el nivel socioeconómico medio (RM=1.82, IC95% 1.07-3.11) y con alto grado de marginación (RM=0.47, IC95% 0.30-0.73). Con­clusiones. Estudiar el apoyo familiar y escolar, considerando la influencia del entorno social, permite mayor entendimiento de la adquisición de habilidades para una conducta sexual preventiva en hombres durante la adolescencia tempran

Early detection of breast and cervical cancer among indigenous communities in Morelos, Mexico.

Objective. To analyze the perception in relation to when and how to perform actions for the early detection of breast and cervical cancer among women and health care providers in communities with a high percentage of indigenous population in Morelos, Mexico. Materials and methods. Ten health providers and 58 women users of health services were interviewed which have a first level of attention in five communities. The analysis was developed under the approach of the Grounded Theory. Results. Providers are poorly informed about current regulations and specific clinical indications for the detection of cervical and breast cancer. Few propitiate health literacy under intercultural sensitization. The users have imprecise or wrong notions of the early detection. Conclusions. The need for training in adherence to norms is evident. It is urgent to assume a culturally relevant approach to enable efficient communication and promote health literacy for early detection of these two cancers

Teen pregnancy and educational gaps: Analysis of a national survey in Mexico

Objective. To characterize female adolescents who have been pregnant, and to analyze the association between adolescent pregnancy and educational gaps. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data come from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut 2012), a Mexican representative survey. The set of data used is related to sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics from 1 790 women from 12 to 19 years who had begun their sexual life and had a pregnancy record. Three statistical models were adjusted to observe the association between variables. The dependent variable of the first model was the condition of previous pregnancy, the second to be pregnant at the time of data collection, and the third, educational gap. Results. A 74.9% of the adolescents with history of pregnancy has educational gap. To have the condition of previous pregnancy is associated with living with sexual partner (OR=8.4), educational gap (OR=2.4), low socioeconomical level (OR=2.0) and school assistance (OR=0.5). To be pregnant at the time of data collection has related only to living with sexual partner (OR=9.4). The educational gap shows an association with having more than one pregnancy (OR=2.4), live with sexual partner (OR=1.6), low socioeconomical level (OR=1.8), and school assistance as protective factor (OR=0.3). Conclusion. It is necessary to implement effective and efficient educational public politics in order to decrease educational gap. At the same time, to guarantee and improve sexual education in the school system to prevent adolescent pregnancy

Le famiglie monoparentali

Il contributo intende offrire uno sguardo alle nuove modalit\ue0 di essere "famiglia", con particolare attenzione al fenomeno delle "famiglie" formate da un solo genitore e dai figli conviventi e alle questioni che originano da queste nuove realt\ue0 familiari