51 research outputs found
Time Course and Pattern of Metastasis of Cutaneous Melanoma Differ between Men and Women
Background: This study identified sex differences in progression of cutaneous melanoma. Methodology/Principal Findings: Of 7,338 patients who were diagnosed as an invasive primary CM without clinically detectable metastases from 1976 to 2008 at the University of Tuebingen in Germany, 1,078 developed subsequent metastases during follow up. The metastatic pathways were defined in these patients and analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate survival analysis was performed using Cox modeling. In 18.7 % of men and 29.2 % of women (P,0.001) the first metastasis following diagnosis of primary tumor was locoregional as satellite/in-transit metastasis. The majority of men (54.0%) and women (47.6%, P = 0.035) exhibited direct regional lymph node metastasis. Direct distant metastasis from the stage of the primary tumor was observed in 27.3 % of men and 23.2 % of women (P = 0.13). Site of first metastasis was the most important prognostic factor of survival after recurrence in multivariate analysis (HR:1.3; 95 % CI: 1.0â1.6 for metastasis to the regional lymph nodes vs. satellite/in-transit recurrence, and HR:5.5; 95 % CI: 4.2â7.1 for distant metastasis vs. satellite/ in-transit recurrence, P,0.001). Median time to distant metastasis was 40.5 months (IQR, 58.75) in women and 33 months (IQR, 44.25) in men (P = 0.002). Five-year survival after distant recurrence probability was 5.2 % (95 % CI: 1.4â2.5) for men compared with 15.3 % (95 % CI: 11.1â19.5; P = 0.008) for women. Conclusions/Significance: Both, the pattern of metastatic spread with more locoregional metastasis in women, and th
A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)
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âI am not someone who gets skin cancerâ: Risk, time and malignant melanoma
âDelayâ is a term used in the cancer literature since the 1930s to describe the period between self-detection of a concerning sign of possible disease and presentation to a health professional. This linguistic choice carries an implication of blame for apparent failure to manage a risk appropriately, drawing attention away from the contemporaneous perspectives of those who respond to suspicious indicators more or less quickly. We present findings from a grounded theory study of accounts given by 45 patients about their slower or quicker journeys to a diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma, a cancer which can âhide in plain sightâ. There has been little research exploring in qualitative detail patientsâ perspectives on their decision-making about what subsequently turn out to have been signs of this most risky of skin cancers. The findings frame referral time-lapses in terms of normalisation of symptoms, sometimes buttressed by reassurance derived from health promotion messages, disconfirmation of patientsâ concerns by their general practitioners and prioritisation of other life concerns. We argue that a shared sense of urgency surrounding melanoma self-referral derives from a clinical representation of current knowledge which conceals numerous evidential uncertainties
Effect of montelukast added to inhaled budesonide on control of mild to moderate asthma
Background: Proinflammatory leukotrienes, which are not completely inhibited by inhaled corticosteroids, may contribute to asthmatic problems. A 16 week multicentre, randomised, double blind, controlled study was undertaken to study the efficacy of adding oral montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, to a constant dose of inhaled budesonide. Methods: A total of 639 patients aged 18â70 years with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) â„55% predicted and a minimum predefined level of asthma symptoms during a 2 week placebo run in period were randomised to receive montelukast 10 mg (n=326) or placebo (n=313) once daily for 16 weeks. All patients received a constant dose of budesonide (400â1600 ”g/day) by Turbuhaler throughout the study. Results: Mean FEV(1) at baseline was 81% predicted. The median percentage of asthma exacerbation days was 35% lower (3.1% v 4.8%; p=0.03) and the median percentage of asthma free days was 56% higher (66.1% v 42.3%; p=0.001) in the montelukast group than in the placebo group. Patients receiving concomitant treatment with montelukast had significantly (p<0.05) fewer nocturnal awakenings and significantly (p<0.05) greater improvements in Ă agonist use and morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Conclusions: For patients with mild airway obstruction and persistent asthma symptoms despite budesonide treatment, concomitant treatment with montelukast significantly improves asthma control
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