Information Seeking Behavior and User Pattern in Library by Faculties of Engineering Colleges in South Tamil Nadu- A Study

Engineers who are faculty members in engineering colleges now-a-days require not only adequate technological ability and problem solving skills, but also the necessary skills live active co-operation, effective communication and presentation, along with business ethics and inter-personal relationship. At present, engineering colleges have in common an additional responsibility properly provide excellent opportunities to every engineering student to properly utilize the technological knowledge. The study was conducted with the help of a well structured, close-ended questionnaire. The respondents were selected on the basis of stratified random sampling method form the four southern districts of Tamil Nadu at the rate of 140 per district totaling 560 sampling respondents. All the respondents are faculty members from selected engineering colleges in these four districts. The study concluded that university libraries have adopted all the new information and communication technologies (ICT) and electronic resources and they are efficiently used by the academic faculties. Most of the engineering colleges are provided with the advanced technologies in the departments so as to make effective teaching and research usage. The government has now, taken initiative to undergo several steps to improve the digital library infrastructure

Bis(μ-phenyl­tellurido-κ2 Te:Te)bis­[tetra­carbonyl­rhenium(I)]

The title compound, [Re2(C6H5Te)2(CO)8], crystallizes with two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, in which two Re atoms are coordinated in a slightly distorted octa­hedral environment and are bridged by two Te atoms, which show a distorted trigonal-pyramidal geometry. The torsion angles for the Te—Re—Te—Re sequence of atoms are 19.29 (18) and 16.54 (16)° in the two mol­ecules. Thus, the Re—Te four-membered rings in the two mol­ecules deviate significantly from planarity. Two intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions occur in one of the mol­ecules. Te—Te [4.0551 (10) Å] inter­actions between the two mol­ecules and weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions stabilize the crystal packing

Release of GLP-1 and PYY in response to the activation of G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 is mediated by Epac/PLC-ε pathway and modulated by endogenous H2S

Activation of plasma membrane TGR5 receptors in enteroendocrine cells by bile acids is known to regulate gastrointestinal secretion and motility and glucose homeostasis. The endocrine functions of the gut are modulated by microenvironment of the distal gut predominantly by sulfur-containing bacteria of the microbiota that produce H2S. However, the mechanisms involved in the release of peptide hormones, GLP-1 and PYY in response to TGR5 activation by bile acids and the effect of H2S on bile acid-induced release of GLP-1 and PYY are unclear. In the present study, we have identified the signaling pathways activated by the bile acid receptor TGR5 to mediate GLP-1 and PYY release and the mechanism of inhibition of their release by H2S in enteroendocrine cells. The TGR5 ligand oleanolic acid (OA) stimulated Gs and cAMP formation, and caused GLP-1 and PYY release. OA-induced cAMP formation and peptide release were blocked by TGR5 siRNA. OA also caused an increase in PI hydrolysis and intracellular Ca2+. Increase in PI hydrolysis was abolished in cells transfected with PLC-ε siRNA. 8-pCPT-2’-O-Me-cAMP, a selective activator of Epac, stimulated PI hydrolysis, and GLP-1 and PYY release. L-Cysteine, which activates endogenous H2S producing enzymes cystathionine--lyase and cystathionine--synthase, and NaHS and GYY4137, which generate H2S, inhibited PI hydrolysis and GLP-1 and PYY release in response to OA or 8-pCPT-2’-O-Me-cAMP. Propargylglycine, an inhibitor of CSE, reversed the effect of L-cysteine on PI hydrolysis and GLP-1 and PYY release. We conclude: i) activation of Gs-coupled TGR5 receptors causes stimulation of PI hydrolysis, and release of GLP-1 and PYY via a PKA-independent, cAMP-dependent mechanism involving Epac/PLC-/Ca2+ pathway, and ii) H2S has potent inhibitory effects on GLP-1 and PYY release in response to TGR5 activation, and the mechanism involves inhibition of PLC-/Ca2+ pathway

Heptacarbonyl-1κ3 C,2κ4 C-(4-phenyl­pyridine-1κN)di-μ-phenyltellurido-1:2κ4 Te:Te-dirhenium(I)

In the title complex, [Re2(C6H5Te)2(C11H9N)(CO)7], two Re atoms are coordinated in slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination environments and are bridged by two Te atoms, which are coordinated in trigonal-pyramidal environments. The torsion angle for the Te—Re—Te—Re sequence of atoms is 17.06 (3)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions. In addition, there are Te⋯Te distances [4.0392 (12) Å] and O⋯O distances [2.902 (19) Å] which are shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii for these atoms. A short inter­molecular lone pair⋯π distance [C O⋯Cg = 3.31 (2) Å] is also observed

Targeted Deletion of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Modulates Experimental Colitis

Neurogenic inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We examined the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in modulating colitis.Colitis was induced by administration of dextran sodium sulphate (3% DSS) or streptomycin pre-treated Salmonella typhimurium (S.T.) in wild type (WT) and NPY (NPY(-/-)) knockout mice. Colitis was assessed by clinical score, histological score and myeloperoxidase activity. NPY and nNOS expression was assessed by immunostaining. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring catalase activity, glutathione and nitrite levels. Colonic motility was assessed by isometric muscle recording in WT and DSS-treated mice.DSS/S.T. induced an increase in enteric neuronal NPY and nNOS expression in WT mice. WT mice were more susceptible to inflammation compared to NPY(-/-) as indicated by higher clinical & histological scores, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (p<0.01). DSS-WT mice had increased nitrite, decreased glutathione (GSH) levels and increased catalase activity indicating more oxidative stress. The lower histological scores, MPO and chemokine KC in S.T.-treated nNOS(-/-) and NPY(-/-)/nNOS(-/-) mice supported the finding that loss of NPY-induced nNOS attenuated inflammation. The inflammation resulted in chronic impairment of colonic motility in DSS-WT mice. NPY -treated rat enteric neurons in vitro exhibited increased nitrite and TNF-alpha production.NPY mediated increase in nNOS is a determinant of oxidative stress and subsequent inflammation. Our study highlights the role of neuronal NPY and nNOS as mediators of inflammatory processes in IBD

Information Seeking Behavior and User Pattern in Library by Faculties of Engineering Colleges in South Tamil Nadu- A Study

Engineers who are faculty members in engineering colleges now-a-days require not only adequate technological ability and problem solving skills, but also the necessary skills live active co-operation, effective communication and presentation, along with business ethics and inter-personal relationship. At present, engineering colleges have in common an additional responsibility properly provide excellent opportunities to every engineering student to properly utilize the technological knowledge. The study was conducted with the help of a well structured, close-ended questionnaire. The respondents were selected on the basis of stratified random sampling method form the four southern districts of Tamil Nadu at the rate of 140 per district totaling 560 sampling respondents. All the respondents are faculty members from selected engineering colleges in these four districts. The study concluded that university libraries have adopted all the new information and communication technologies (ICT) and electronic resources and they are efficiently used by the academic faculties. Most of the engineering colleges are provided with the advanced technologies in the departments so as to make effective teaching and research usage. The government has now, taken initiative to undergo several steps to improve the digital library infrastructure

Self-Assembly of Selenium-Bridged Rhenium(I)-Based Metalla Rectangles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Recognition Studies

Self-assembly of the selenium-bridged novel metallacyclophanes [{(CO)₃Re­(μ-SeR)₂Re­(CO)₃}₂(μ-L)₂] (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) has been accomplished by treating diaryl diselenide with low-valent transition-metal carbonyl and rigid bidentate azine ligands under one-pot reaction conditions. The oxidative addition of diphenyl/dibenzyl diselenides to Re₂(CO)₁₀ with 4,4′-bipyridine, <i>trans</i>-1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethylene, and 1,4-bis­[2-(4-pyridyl)­ethenyl]­benzene afforded tetranuclear metallacyclophanes. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis and IR, NMR, and UV–vis absorption spectroscopic techniques. The molecular structures of metallacylophanes <b>1a</b>,<b>b</b> and <b>2</b> were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods, and the crystal structures showed that two selenium-bridged dirhenium metallacycles were linked by two bipyridyl spacers and attained a framework of molecular rectangles. In addition, the molecular recognition capabilities of the molecular rectangles <b>1a</b>,<b>b</b> and <b>2</b> with aromatic compounds such as pyrene and triphenylene have been investigated by studying their binding properties, using UV–visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectrophotometric methods. The nature of the binding interactions were further supported by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods, and the crystal structures of <b>1</b><b>b</b>·(pyrene) and <b>1</b><b>b</b>·(triphenylene) revealed that CH···π interactions are mainly responsible for the binding of <b>1b</b> with pyrene and triphenylene