Selection of artichoke plants and analysis of correlation between quantitative traits for fresh consumption

The goals of the present study were to evaluate and select artichoke plants suitable for fresh consumption and to establish correlations between quantitative traits. Clones from 39 accessions were obtained from the germplasm collection of the University of Passo Fundo and evaluated for 17 quantitative and 3 qualitative traits. Data on quantitative traits were subjected to analysis of variance followed by a Tukey test at p<0.05 to compare averages, and correlations were analyzed using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. Significant differences were observed for 9 of the 17 quantitative traits analyzed, and 10 of the 39 accessions presented higher values for some of those traits than the remaining tested accessions. Significant correlations were observed between several traits and the capitulum yield, which makes indirect selection easier. For the qualitative traits, nine accessions were selected that presented circular head, violet colored bracts and absence of thorns, which are desirable traits for fresh consumption.Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron evaluar y seleccionar plantas de alcachofa aptas para consumo en fresco y establecer correlaciones entre caracteres cuantitativos. Treinta y nueve accesiones pertenecientes a la colección de germoplasma de la Universidad de Passo Fundo fueron clonadas y luego evaluadas para 17 caracteres cuantitativos y 3 cualitativos. Los datos correspondientes a los caracteres cuantitativos fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza seguido por una prueba comparación de valores medios de Tukey (p<0,05); las correlaciones fueron analizadas utilizando el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Se observaron diferencias significativas para 9 de los 17 caracteres cuantitativos analizados y 10 de las 39 accesiones mostraron elevados valores para algunos de esos caracteres. Se observaron valores significativos de correlación entre varios caracteres y el rendimiento, lo que facilita la selección indirecta. Considerando los caracteres cualitativos, se seleccionaron nueve accesiones por presentar capítulo esférico, brácteas violetas y ausencia de espinas, las cuales son características deseables para el consumo en fresco.Fil: Reolon Costa, A.. Universidade de Passo Fundo; BrasilFil: Grando, M. F.. Universidade de Passo Fundo; BrasilFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Almeida, A.. Universidade de Passo Fundo; Brasi

Combining abilities and heterotic groups in Pisum sativum L.

The objective of this research was to investigate the use of heterosis and estimates of the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for yield and the yield-related traits for identifying suitable parents and forming heterotic groups for pea- breeding programs. Seventy-six F1 hybrids derived from crosses between nineteen female lines and four male testers were evaluated during two seasons. Estimates of variance due to GCA and SCA effects and their relationship revealed predominantly additive effects for all traits. Parents with higher GCA values were "ZAV20" (female parent) and "ZAV23" (male parent).The cross "ZAV5 x ZAV23" showed the highest value for seed yield. Days to flowering and number of seeds per plot were the variables with the highest values for broad and narrow-sense heritability (0.93 and 0.65, respectively), indicating that these traits are highly heritable. The highest best parent heterosis for seed yield was observed in the "ZAV17 x DDR14" hybrid. Four heterotic groups were formed and validated by estimating the intra and inter group heterosis.Fil: Espósito, María Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Gatti, Ileana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Anido, Fernando Sebastian. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentin

Potential use of cardoon oil for biodiesel production and its comparison with soybean oil

El cardo (silvestre y cultivado) es una especie con potencial para ser utilizado como cultivo energético con aprovechamiento integral para producción de biocombustible sólidos (pellets) y líquidos (bioetanol y biodiesel). Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron estudiar el perfil de ácidos grasos del aceite de cardo mediante técnicas químicas específicas, y la comparación con el perfil de ácidos grasos del aceite de soja. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el aceite de cardo presenta características adecuadas para ser destinado a la producción de biodiesel lo que permitiría la incorporación de un nuevo cultivo alternativo al circuito productivo-comercial con fines energéticos.Cardoon (wild and cultivated) is a species with potential to be fully used as an energy crop for solid (pellets) and liquid (bioethanol and biodiesel) biofuels production. The objective of this work was to study the fatty acids profile of cardoon oil by specific chemical techniques and its comparison with the fatty acids profile of Soybean oil. The results show that cardoon oil has suitable characteristics to be used for biodiesel production which would allow the incorporation of a new alternative crop to production circuit for energy purposes.Fil: Morero, Ana Carina. Universidad del Centro Educativo Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Gatti, Bernardita. Universidad del Centro Educativo Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Malik, Yair. Universidad del Centro Educativo Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Mancini, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones En Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Lanza Volpe, Melisa. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones En Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentin

In vitro plant regeneration from cotyledonary nodes of recombinant inbred lines of lentil

An efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration protocol for lentil was developed. For shoot regeneration, cotyledonary node explants of ten elite genotypes were cultured in an inverted orientation on different shoot regeneration media that consisted of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1mgL -1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (M1), 1mgL -1 BAP+0.45mgL -1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (M2), and 2mgL -1 BAP (M3). High percentages of shoot regeneration ranging from 80 to 100% on M1 and M3 media and from 50 to 100% on M2 medium were induced. M1 was the most efficient shoot regeneration medium for most genotypes tested. For rooting, in vitro and in vitro-in vivo methods were used. Low and variable rooting percentages ranging from 0 to 45% were recorded with in vitro-in vivo method. Efficiency of rooting on in vitro medium varied depending on the medium in which shoots had been previously regenerated and the genotype tested. When M1 medium was used, high rooting percentages (over 40%) for most genotypes except for microsperma genotypes were found. When the 10 genotypes were screened for good regeneration performance using M1 medium, 2 main clusters and 3 subgroups within one of the clusters were formed based on similarities respect of the number of regenerated shoots per explant and rooting percentages. Subgroup 1 composed by A1146 genotype produced the highest number of shoots per explant (6.17 shoots) and a high rooting percentage (60%) so was selected for further transformation and use as a potential commercial variety.Fil: Bermejo, Carolina Julieta. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Espósito, María Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: López Anido, Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentin

A rapid method to increase the number of F1 plants in pea (Pisum sativum) breeding programs.

In breeding programs, a large number of F2 individuals are required to perform the selection process properly, but often few such plants are available. In order to obtain more F2 seeds, it is necessary to multiply the F1 plants. We developed a rapid, efficient and reproducible protocol for in vitro shoot regeneration and rooting of seeds using 6-benzylaminopurine. To optimize shoot regeneration, basic medium contained Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts with or without B5 Gamborg vitamins and different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (25, 50 and 75 μM) using five genotypes. We found that modified MS (B5 vitamins + 25 μM 6-benzylaminopurine) is suitable for in vitro shoot regeneration of pea. Thirty-eight hybrid combinations were transferred onto selected medium to produce shoots that were used for root induction on MS medium supplemented with α-naphthalene-acetic acid. Elongated shoots were developed from all hybrid genotypes. This procedure can be used in pea breeding programs and will allow working with a large number of plants even when the F1 plants produce few seeds.Fil: Espósito, María Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; ArgentinaFil: Almiron, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Gatti, I.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Anido, Fernando Sebastian. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; ArgentinaFil: Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; Argentin

An approach for understanding the heredity of two quality traits (head color and tightness) in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)

The inheritance of head color and tightness in globe artichoke was studied utilizing crosses between inbreed lines and between clones and self-pollinated clones from different genetic origins. These genetic materials were sowed in a completely randomized design with 20 plants per plot and genotype. Globe artichoke heads were classified into three colors (purple-green, purple and green) and three head tightness types (compact, fairly compact and soft) and the segregating ratios for these traits tested in each offspring using the chi-square test. Crosses between green and purple inbreed lines produced only purple-green heads but F2 generation segregated at a purple-green:purple:green ratio of 9:3:4. The self-pollinated compact head clones produced a compact head:fairly compact head:soft head ratio of 12:3:1. The remaining crosses between lines and among clones and backcrosses verified these ratios. These results suggest that two loci with a simple recessive epistasis are involved in the inheritance of head color and that two loci with simple dominant epistasis are involved in the expression of the different head tightness types. The inheritance models proposed here could be helpful in predicting the appearance of artichoke heads if breeders need to obtain hybrid seeds for a desirable phenotype

Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori): Functional food and a source of health promoters compounds

A cultura da alcachofra (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori) têm sido bastante difundida como alimento funcional e fonte de compostos promotores da saúde. É uma planta nativa da bacia do mediterrâneo, onde se encontra 70% da área total cultivada no mundo, possui porte herbáceo, com caule simples e estriado, folhas sésseis, inflorescência do tipo capítulo, com flores tubuladas, hermafroditas e de simetria radial. Os frutos são do tipo aquênios. A alcachofra é de dia longo com fotoperíodo crítico de 10.5 horas, a qual pode ser propagada de forma sexual (sementes) e assexual (rebentos). As partes comestíveis são as mais ricas em compostos promotores da saúde como polifenóis, inulina, fibras e minerais, portanto, entre as várias aplicações da alcachofra citam-se sua atividade hepatoprotetora, anticarcinogênica, antimicrobiana, antifúngica, antiflamatória, probiótica, atuando também na redução do colesterol.Artichoke cultivation (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori) has been widespread as a functional food source and a source of health promoting compounds. It is a native plant of the Mediterranean basin, where it is 70% of the total area cultivated in the world, has herbaceous bearing, with simple and striated stem, sessile leaves, inflorescence of the chapter type, with tubular flowers, hermaphrodite flowers and radial symmetry , The fruits are of the achenes type. The artichoke is a long day with a critical photoperiod of 10.5 hours, which can be propagated sexually (seeds) and asexual (shoots). The edible parts are the richest in health promoting compounds such as polyphenols, inulin, fibers and minerals. Therefore, among the various applications of the artichoke there is mention of its hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and probiotic activity, of cholesterol.Fil: Reolon Costa, Angélica. Universidade de Passo Fundo; BrasilFil: Grando, Magali Ferrari. Universidade de Passo Fundo; BrasilFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentin

An approach for understanding the heredity of two quality traits (head color and tightness) in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)

The inheritance of head color and tightness in globe artichoke was studied utilizing crosses between inbreed lines and between clones and self-pollinated clones from different genetic origins. These genetic materials were sowed in a completely randomized design with 20 plants per plot and genotype. Globe artichoke heads were classified into three colors (purple-green, purple and green) and three head tightness types (compact, fairly compact and soft) and the segregating ratios for these traits tested in each offspring using the chi-square test. Crosses between green and purple inbreed lines produced only purple-green heads but F2 generation segregated at a purple-green:purple:green ratio of 9:3:4. The self-pollinated compact head clones produced a compact head:fairly compact head:soft head ratio of 12:3:1. The remaining crosses between lines and among clones and backcrosses verified these ratios. These results suggest that two loci with a simple recessive epistasis are involved in the inheritance of head color and that two loci with simple dominant epistasis are involved in the expression of the different head tightness types. The inheritance models proposed here could be helpful in predicting the appearance of artichoke heads if breeders need to obtain hybrid seeds for a desirable phenotype

Globe artichoke cultivation in Argentina

Horticulture in Argentina is an intensive activity that covers a smaller area than other agricultural activities, but involves a greater return per hectare. Agriculture occupies around 30% of Argentina’s total area of approximately 270 million hectares. Whilst only 2% of this area involves horticultural practices, it represents up to 11% of the value of Argentinian agricultural products. The horticulture area has expanded to approximately 500,000 hectares, but varies from year to year since most crops are annuals. Garlic, sweet potato, onion, lettuce, potato, pepper, beans, tomato, carrot, and squash comprise 85% of the total horticultural production value (Table 1). Annually, around 10 million people are employed in horticulture, making it an activity of important social value. The fresh market absorbs 90% of the country’s production, in wholesale and retail markets. The remaining 10% goes to industry, and is mainly processed as canned, frozen or dehydrated products and, to a lesser extent, as pickled or ground products. In recent years, an increase in the consumption of vegetables has been evident globally because consumers have become more aware of the benefits to human health. However, the mean vegetable daily intake in Argentina is approximately 140 g/person, far short of the 400 g/person recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2012).Fil: Garcia, Stella Maris. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones En Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: López Anido, Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Cointry, Enrique L.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin