Phylogenomic analyses reveal the diversity of laccase-coding genes in Fonsecaea genomes.

The genus Fonsecaea comprises black yeast-like fungi of clinical relevance, including etiologic agents of chromoblastomycosis and cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. Presence of melanin and assimilation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons and alkylbenzenes have been proposed as virulence factors. Multicopper oxidase (MCO) is a family of enzymes including laccases, ferroxidases and ascorbate oxidases which are able to catalyze the oxidation of various aromatic organic compounds with the reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Additionally, laccases are required for the production of fungal melanins, a cell-wall black pigment recognized as a key polymer for pathogenicity and extremotolerance in black yeast-like fungi. Although the activity of laccase enzymes has previously been reported in many wood-rotting fungi, the diversity of laccase genes in Fonsecaea has not yet been assessed. In this study, we identified and characterized laccase-coding genes and determined their genomic location in five clinical and environmental Fonsecaea species. The identification of laccases sensu stricto will provide insights into carbon acquisition strategies as well as melanin production in Fonsecaea

Isolation of Fonsecaea pedrosoi from the shell of the babassu coconut (Orbignya phalerata Martius) in the Amazon region of Maranhão Brazil.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2015-03-23T13:58:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marques SG Isolation of Fonsecaea.....pdf: 258977 bytes, checksum: 2305527c0649e27e4a5c9c881c404231 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2015-03-23T14:19:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Marques SG Isolation of Fonsecaea.....pdf: 258977 bytes, checksum: 2305527c0649e27e4a5c9c881c404231 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-23T14:19:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marques SG Isolation of Fonsecaea.....pdf: 258977 bytes, checksum: 2305527c0649e27e4a5c9c881c404231 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006Federal University of Maranhão. Nucleus of Tropical Pathology and Social Medicine. Department of Pathology. São Luis, MA, BrasilFederal University of Maranhão. Nucleus of Tropical Pathology and Social Medicine. Department of Pathology. São Luis, MA, BrasilFederal University of Maranhão. Nucleus of Tropical Pathology and Social Medicine. Department of Pathology. São Luis, MA, BrasilFederal University of Minas Gerais. Institute of Biological Sciences. Departmant of Microbiology. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFederal University of Paraná. Department of Basic Pathology. Curitiba, PR, BrasilFederal University of Paraná. University Hospital. Department of Community Health. Infectology Service. Curitiba, PR, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFonsecaea pedrosoi, a dematiaceous fungus and the main causative agent of chromoblastomycosis, has been isolated in worldwide from different natural sources in regions where the disease is endemic. In the Amazon region of Maranhão, Brazil, where the disease is prevalent, the breaking of the babassu coconut (Orbignya phalerata Martius) represents an important agricultural activity. In order to determine the presence of this fungus on this plant and on other natural substrates, material was collected in the Fortaleza Village Municipality of Pinheiro, Maranhão, in April and September 2002. A total of 68 samples, including 18 (26.5%) obtained from the shell of the babassu coconut, were analyzed. Samples were cultured using a standard method. Isolates were identified based on macromorphological aspects of the colonies on Sabouraud dextrose agar and based on the micromorphology of the conidia after growth on potato dextrose agar. Exophiala sp. was the most prevalent fungus isolated from the different natural substrates analyzed, while Cladophialophora sp. was only isolated from decomposing wood. Fonsecaea pedrosoi was isolated from one sample of babassu coconut shell suggesting that this coconut represents an important source of infection of chromoblastomycosis during extraction of the plant product in this region

Divertículo faringoesofagiano: avaliação dos resultados do tratamento Pharyngoesophageal diverticulum: evaluation of treatment results

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução pós-operatória de pacientes com divertículo faringoesofagiano submetidos aos tratamentos cirúrgico e endoscópico. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados de maneira retrospectiva 36 pacientes com divertículo faringo-esofagiano atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos, na dependência do tratamento: grupo 1 (n=24) - diverticulectomia associada á miotomia do cricofaríngeo, através de cervicotomia esquerda; grupo 2 (n=12) - diverticulostomia endoscópica usando grampeador linear. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade operatória foi nula em ambos os grupos. Complicações precoces: grupo 1 - dois pacientes desenvolveram fistula cervical e outros dois, rouquidão; grupo 2 - sem complicações. Complicações tardias: grupo 1 - sem complicações: grupo 2: recidiva da disfagia em quatro pacientes (p=0,01). O seguimento médio foi 33 meses para o grupo 1 e 28 meses para o grupo 2. CONCLUSÃO: Os dois procedimentos foram eficazes na remissão da disfagia. O tratamento cirúrgico apresentou superioridade em relação ao endoscópico, com resolução da disfagia com um único procedimento. O tratamento endoscópico deve ser reservado para os mais idosos e portadores de comorbidades.<br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the postoperative outcome of patients with pharyngoesophageal diverticulum submitted to surgical and endoscopic treatments. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 36 patients with pharyngo-esophageal diverticulum treated at the Hospital of the Medical School of Botucatu - UNESP. Patients were divided into two groups, depending on the treatment: group 1 (n = 24): diverticulectomy associated myotomy through a left cervicotomy; group 2 (n = 12): endoscopic diverticulostomy with linear stapler. RESULTS: Operative mortality was zero in both groups. Early complications: group 1- two patients developed cervical fistula and two, hoarseness; group 2 - none. Late complications: group 1 - none; group 2: recurrence of dysphagia in four patients (p = .01). Mean follow-up was 33 months for group 1 and 28 months for group 2. CONCLUSION: Both procedures were effective in remission of dysphagia. Surgical treatment showed superiority to endoscopy, with resolution of dysphagia with a single procedure. Endoscopic treatment should be reserved for the elderly and those with comorbidities

Divertículo faringoesofagiano: avaliação dos resultados do tratamento

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução pós-operatória de pacientes com divertículo faringoesofagiano submetidos aos tratamentos cirúrgico e endoscópico. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados de maneira retrospectiva 36 pacientes com divertículo faringo-esofagiano atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos, na dependência do tratamento: grupo 1 (n=24) - diverticulectomia associada á miotomia do cricofaríngeo, através de cervicotomia esquerda; grupo 2 (n=12) - diverticulostomia endoscópica usando grampeador linear. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade operatória foi nula em ambos os grupos. Complicações precoces: grupo 1 - dois pacientes desenvolveram fistula cervical e outros dois, rouquidão; grupo 2 - sem complicações. Complicações tardias: grupo 1 - sem complicações: grupo 2: recidiva da disfagia em quatro pacientes (p=0,01). O seguimento médio foi 33 meses para o grupo 1 e 28 meses para o grupo 2. CONCLUSÃO: Os dois procedimentos foram eficazes na remissão da disfagia. O tratamento cirúrgico apresentou superioridade em relação ao endoscópico, com resolução da disfagia com um único procedimento. O tratamento endoscópico deve ser reservado para os mais idosos e portadores de comorbidades.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the postoperative outcome of patients with pharyngoesophageal diverticulum submitted to surgical and endoscopic treatments. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 36 patients with pharyngo-esophageal diverticulum treated at the Hospital of the Medical School of Botucatu - UNESP. Patients were divided into two groups, depending on the treatment: group 1 (n = 24): diverticulectomy associated myotomy through a left cervicotomy; group 2 (n = 12): endoscopic diverticulostomy with linear stapler. RESULTS: Operative mortality was zero in both groups. Early complications: group 1- two patients developed cervical fistula and two, hoarseness; group 2 - none. Late complications: group 1 - none; group 2: recurrence of dysphagia in four patients (p = .01). Mean follow-up was 33 months for group 1 and 28 months for group 2. CONCLUSION: Both procedures were effective in remission of dysphagia. Surgical treatment showed superiority to endoscopy, with resolution of dysphagia with a single procedure. Endoscopic treatment should be reserved for the elderly and those with comorbidities

Logo sequences of L1-L4 signatures for the laccases <i>sensu stricto</i> identified in <i>Fonsecaea</i> species.

<p>Logos were generated using WebLogo (<a href="http://weblogo.berkeley.edu/" target="_blank">http://weblogo.berkeley.edu/</a>).</p

Alignment of <i>Fonsecae\a</i> laccase <i>sensu stricto</i> by MAFFT.

<p>Laccase signatures are shaded in different color: L1, blue; L2, green; L3, red; and L4, violet. The residues forming the SDS gate are shaded in yellow, and the amino acid shaded in dark blue classified the laccases as class 1 (Met) and class 2 (Leu). The conserved C-termini are in orange.</p

Twenty-six black yeast-like fungi used in this study to identify laccase-coding genes.

<p>Twenty-six black yeast-like fungi used in this study to identify laccase-coding genes.</p

Multilocus tree of the bantiana clade based on aligned ITS and partial <i>BT2</i> sequences constructed with maximum likelihood implemented in MEGA 6.0 using the K2+G model.

<p>Bootstrap values of >70% from 1,000 resampled data sets are shown with branches. <i>Cladophialophora yegresii</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>carrionii</i> were used as outgroup. Boxes indicate environmental (green) and clinical (red) strains.</p