Primary Sector Shocks and Early American Industrialization

Primary Sector Shocks and Early American Industrialization Recent advances in the measurement of US manufacturing activity over the long nineteenth century have opened up new possibilities for exploring the dynamics of American economic growth. Building on the pioneering work of J. Davis (2003) which assembled a new annual dataset on industrial production from 1790-1915, this paper uses VAR techniques to investigate the impact of shocks (both real and in terms-of-trades) in the primary product sector on fluctuations of manufacturing activity over early U.S. business cycles. This analysis tests the conventional hypothesis (reflected in the work of D. North) asserting changing export demand for primary products was the dominant force driving economic fluctuations during America?s industrial revolution. This analysis is of further interest because during this period when agriculture represented a large share of the economy, episodes of technological regression (due, for example, to adverse weather shocks or to outbreaks of productivity-sapping pests and diseases) could plausibly have significant effects on aggregate economic performance. In addition, this investigation sheds light on the long-standing debate about whether agricultural and manufacturing growth were competing (as historically B. Franklin asserted) or complementary (as A. Hamilton and recently D. Meyer have argued). Finally by comparing the structural relationships across the antebellum and post-bellum periods, this research contributes to the literature treating the Civil War as a break in the volatility of the US macro-economy.Industrialization, economic history

WPA Completes Novel Sprinkler

Copy of article from Brooklyn College newspaper, Vanguard, re WPA funded sprinkler system and lily pond pool at Brooklyn College

The Farm Program; Brooklyn College Should Be Proud Of It

Article from Brooklyn College Vanguard. April 30, 1943

Bio-Med Plans Victory Garden to Train Future Farm Workers

Article from the Brooklyn College Vanguard. Brooklyn College victory gardens used to toughen up students who plan to work on farms during the summer. March 26, 1943

125 Apply for Farm Work This Summer; Quota to be Filled 200

Article from the Brooklyn College Vanguard announcing 125 students, mostly girls, have registered for the Farm Labor Project. Friday, April 16, 1943

200 BC Students Leaving for Farms

Article from Brooklyn College Vanguard about Morrisville, N.Y. Farm Labor Project. With photo. April 30, 1943

New evidence on asset location from the survey of consumer finances

This article provides new evidence on household asset location decisions using the latest Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF). The authors find that the difference between the equity share in tax-deferred accounts (TDAs) and the equity share in taxable accounts (TAs), a measure of asset location in the article, declined significantly after 2001. They also discuss potential explanations of the change in asset location

Regulatory Challenges at the Intersection of Cellular and Medical Device Therapies in Europe: The Case of the Bioartificial Pancreas

Regenerative medicine solutions for type 1 diabetes are a rapidly developing field of medical technology. So far, these solutions have been principally cell-based treatments and, at present, in Europe, are regulated under the European Union regulations for Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs). But now, new, emerging technology combining cellular therapy with medical devices is under development. The potential of this novel hybrid model to create a bioartificial pancreas is tantalising. However, incorporating medical devices creates a further layer of complexity to an already challenging product development process. Moreover, it raises important questions about how bioartificial organs should be regulated. This article seeks to expose the complexity of the legal and regulatory landscape relating to such products, focusing on the laws of the European Union and, where appropriate, bringing in examples from other jurisdictions. We set out the role of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and review the classification of existing ATMPs and those proposed for type 1 diabetes to highlight the potential consequences and effects of nomenclature and classifications. We argue that emerging hybrid regenerative medicine solutions at the intersection of cellular and medical device therapies, in which medical devices are integral to and facilitate the cell therapy mechanism of action, are not satisfactorily accounted for in the existing legal paradigm regulating regenerative medical therapies. We suggest that these functional hybrid products, currently in their infancy, may yet have far-reaching implications for the interface of law, regulation and technology. For example, they are likely to challenge the conventional discourse related to a market in (bioartificial) organs. We recommend that the EMA, national competent authorities for medical devices, national transplantation authorities and those responsible for overseeing translational clinical research respond to this by developing the existing regulatory framework in such a way that captures the essence of these hybrid products as a single entity. Issuing guidance on updated regulations to researchers engaged in this emerging technology will be key to the success of its translation into human therapies