Electron spectroscopy of nanocrystalline diamond surfaces

Thin, fully optically transparent nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films prepared at growth temperatures from 400 °C to 1100 °C were well characterized by SEM, AFM, and by angularresolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). The ARXPS spectra were applied for estimating the extent of sp 3 hybridization of carbon atoms in a surface region of the NCD films. Elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES) was used for assessment of the inelastic mean free path (IMFP) values of electrons in NCD films in the electron energy range 200 eV -2400 eV. The resulting IMFPs were compared to the IMFPs calculated from the optical data and from the TPP-2M predictive formulae

Regulation of pituitary MT1 melatonin receptor expression by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1) : in vivo and in vitro studies

Copyright: © 2014 Bae et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC; grant BB/F020309/1; http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/home/home.aspx). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Stacked insulator induction accelerator gaps

Stacked insulators, with alternating layers of insulating material and conducting film, have been shown to support high surface electrical field stresses. We have investigated the application of the stacked insulator technology to the design of induction accelerator modules for the Relativistic-Klystron Two-Beam Accelerator program. The rf properties of the accelerating gaps using stacked insulators, particularly the impedance at frequencies above the beam pipe cutoff frequency, are investigated. Low impedance is critical for Relativistic-Klystron Two-Beam Accelerator applications where a high current, bunched beam is trsnsported through many accelerating gaps. An induction accelerator module designs using a stacked insulator is presented