Design, Fabrication and Characteristics of Microwave Absorbing Materials in Stealth Application: A review

217-225The paper presents a perspective view of the current research in developing variety of microwave absorbing materials suitable for stealth application and electromagnetic interference (EMI) minimization. The stealth technology refers to reduction in radar cross-section (RCS), a measure of aircraft signature so as to make it nearly invisible to the enemy’s tracking system up to a certain distance for certain frequency, for a successful air operation. The reduction in RCS is achieved by coating the object with microwave absorbing material. The paper also describes techniques to achieve optimum absorption for specific range of operation in terms of its electric and magnetic properties, thickness and order of layers in multilayered microwave absorbing materials, including frequency selective surfaces (FSS) or circuit analog (CA), as well. These provide more design options by introducing inductive and capacitive loss mechanisms in addition to resistive loss

Pollution Control: A brief review of conventional and nano technological approaches

120-128Environmental pollution is one of the major crisis throughout the whole world today, causing major health problems. The contaminants are found in all the three phases of the environment. The air pollutants include CO, CFCs, VOCs, nitrogen oxides etc. Water and soil are contaminated due to sewage and industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers etc. Recent advancement in the field of nanotechnology has provided new nanomaterials and methods for combatting pollution which are more effective than conventional methods. Nano technology can be used in three ways, namely, remediation and treatment, pollution prevention and detection and sensing. Remediation methods include adsorption, semiconducting material photocatalytic remediation and filtration using different types of nano materials. Nano technology provides an environment friendly solution with less waste and reduction of toxic wastes into non-toxic products. Sensing and detection of the pollutants is an important step in controlling pollution. Conventional methods need expertise, more time and are costly and these cannot give the concentrations of the pollutants instantly. On the other hand, nanosensors can detect the pollutant at ppm and ppb levels accurately due to small size and high surface/volume ratio. The enormous growth of nanotechnology during the last decade in search of new materials with enhanced and/or typical properties with wide range of applications has also produced hazardous nanowastes too. The need of the hour is to properly assess the health hazards due to engineered nanoparticles including their fabrication, storage and distribution, application and disposal

Effect of Neem on the Fate of Endosulfan Residue in Tomato

A study was conducted on tomato plants grown under field conditions to assess the effect of neem on the fate of endosulfan residues. Endosulfan was applied at the recommended dose and doubles the recommended dose (E1 and E2). Neem in the form of neem oil based biopesticide was applied @ 0.4% as a supplemental dose along with the selected test doses of endosulfan (E1+N and E2+N). A profound increase of 218.94% in total residue as well as increase in the contribution of high persisting forms of endosulfan viz. ? endosulfan and endosulfan-sulphate was observed when applied pesticide concentration was increased from E1 to E2. However supplementation of neem along with E1 and E2 dose has resulted in 54.18% and 51.79% reduction in total residue respectively, besides reducing the high persisting forms of endosulfan viz. ? endosulfan and endosulfan-sulphate in higher percentages, thereby showing two way benefits

Nodular cystic hidradenoma over the gluteal region: A rare cytomorphological diagnosis

The primary as well as metastatic tumours of the skin can be diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) because of its easy accessibility; however, the cytomorphological features of skin adnexal tumours are rarely described in literature. A young male presented with solitary subcutaneous nodule over gluteal region measuring 3 cm in diameter for 2 years. FNAC was done and showed an overcrowded cluster of basaloid to polyhedral cells intermingled with hyaline material and foamy macrophages. Few squamous cells were also seen along with foci of calcification. A cytological diagnosis of adnexal tumor, possibly of eccrine origin was given. The excised nodule was received for histopathological examination, and a final diagnosis of nodular cystic hidradenoma was made. Hence, awareness of cytological features by FNAC of skin adnexal tumors is important to prevent misdiagnosis

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This study developed a novel framework for integrating time series modeling with geographic information system (GIS). For the first time, procedures of four statistical tests, i.e., t-test of stationarity, cumulative deviation test of homogeneity, autocorrelation technique of persistence, and variance-corrected Mann–Kendall test of trend, are implemented in GIS platform to enable use of raster dataset. Application of developed framework is demonstrated by exploring time series characteristics of pre- and post-monsoon groundwater levels in an Indian arid region. Raster dataset of 22-year (1996–2017) groundwater levels are generated using four best-fit geostatistical models, according to mean absolute error, root mean square error, correlation coefficient and modified index of agreement. Increasing groundwater level trends in central and southern parts are attributed to abrupt change-points in annual rainfall that enhanced groundwater recharge. The developed framework can be adopted in other parts of the world to explore groundwater-level dynamics in spatially-distributed manner.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThis study developed a novel framework for integrating time series modeling with geographic information system (GIS). For the first time, procedures of four statistical tests, i.e., t-test of stationarity, cumulative deviation test of homogeneity, autocorrelation technique of persistence, and variance-corrected Mann–Kendall test of trend, are implemented in GIS platform to enable use of raster dataset. Application of developed framework is demonstrated by exploring time series characteristics of pre- and post-monsoon groundwater levels in an Indian arid region. Raster dataset of 22-year (1996–2017) groundwater levels are generated using four best-fit geostatistical models, according to mean absolute error, root mean square error, correlation coefficient and modified index of agreement. Increasing groundwater level trends in central and southern parts are attributed to abrupt change points in annual rainfall that enhanced groundwater recharge. The developed framework can be adopted in other parts of the world to explore groundwater-level dynamics in spatially-distributed manner.Not Availabl

Exploring temporal dynamics of spatially-distributed groundwater levels by integrating time series modeling with geographic information system

This study developed a novel framework for integrating time series modeling with geographic information system (GIS). For the first time, procedures of four statistical tests, i.e., t-test of stationarity, cumulative deviation test of homogeneity, autocorrelation technique of persistence, and variance-corrected Mann–Kendall test of trend, are implemented in GIS platform to enable use of raster dataset. Application of developed framework is demonstrated by exploring time series characteristics of pre- and post-monsoon groundwater levels in an Indian arid region. Raster dataset of 22-year (1996–2017) groundwater levels are generated using four best-fit geostatistical models, according to mean absolute error, root mean square error, correlation coefficient and modified index of agreement. Increasing groundwater level trends in central and southern parts are attributed to abrupt change-points in annual rainfall that enhanced groundwater recharge. The developed framework can be adopted in other parts of the world to explore groundwater-level dynamics in spatially-distributed manner