Gruwelijke beelden van plaatsen delict: kijkstrategieën, opgewekte emoties en oordeelsvorming

Social decision makin

Clinical PhD Graduate Student Views of Their Scientist-Practitioner Training

Objectives: The goal of the scientist-practitioner (S-P) training model is to produce clinical psycholo-gists equipped to integrate and utilize both science and practice in the clinical and research domains. However, much has been written regarding the possible shortcomings of S-P training and whether clinical psychology graduate students are actually gaining the knowledge and skills to integrate sci-ence and practice during graduate training and beyond (Chang, Lee, & Hargreaves, 2008; Gelso, 2006; Merlo, Collins, & Bernstein, 2008; Phillips, 1993). Methods: As such, the present study assessed ratings of satisfaction, perception of ability, and use of the S-P training model within 653 clinical psychology graduate students enrolled in programs that are members of the Council of University Directors of Clinical Psychology. Results: Findings suggest that students are consistently trained in the integration of science and practice and have confidence in their abilities to apply the S-P integra-tion to research and clinical work. However, despite understanding the ways in which science can influence practice, over one third of students reported that they rarely use science-based decisions when informing clients of the clinical services they will be providing. Conclusions: The implications of these results support the need for a more detailed evaluation of clinical psychology graduate stu-dents as well as the use of research-informed practice and the process of providing clients with in-formation they need to make informed choices about treatment

Titanium dichloro, bis(carbyl), aryne, and alkylidene complexes stabilized by linked cyclopentadienyl-amido auxiliary ligands

Thermal decomposition of the carbyl compounds {C5H4(CH2)(2)NR}TiR'(2) proceeds through alpha- and beta-H elimination to give stable aryne, alkylidene, and olefin. complexes in the presence of PMe3. Reaction of the dibenzyl compound {C5H4(CH2)(2)N-t-Bu}Ti(CH2Ph)(2) with B(C6F5)(3) gives the cationic [{C5H4(CH2)(2)N-t-Bu}TiCH2Ph](+), which is an active catalyst for the polymerization of ethene and propene

A Preparative Method for the Isolation and Fractionation of Dissolved Organic Acids from Bitumen-influenced Waters

The surface mining of oil sands north of Fort McMurray, Alberta produces considerable tailings waste that is stored in large tailings ponds on industrial lease sites. Viable strategies for the detoxification of oil sands process affected water (OSPW) are under investigation. In order to assess the toxic potential of the suite of dissolved organics in OSPW, a method for their extraction and fractionation was developed using solid phase extraction. The method successfully isolated organic compounds from 180 L of an aged OSPW source. Using acidic- or alkaline-conditioned non-polar ENV+ resin and soxhlet extraction with ethyl acetate and methanol, three fractions (F1–F3) were generated. Chemical characterization of the generated fractions included infusion to electrospray ionization ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-UHRMS), liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, gas chromatography triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS). Additionally, ESI-UHRMS class distribution data and SFS identified an increased degree of oxygenation and aromaticity, associated with increased polarity. Method validation, which included method and matrix spikes with surrogate and labelled organic mono carboxylic acid standards, confirmed separation according to acidity and polarity with generally good recoveries (average 76%). Because this method is capable of extracting large sample volumes, it is amenable to thorough chemical characterization and toxicological assessments with a suite of bioassays. As such, this protocol will facilitate effects-directed analysis of toxic components within bitumen-influenced waters from a variety of sources

Effectiveness of early intervention programs for parents of preterm infants: a meta-review of systematic reviews

Background: Various intervention programs exist for parents of preterm babies and some systematic reviews (SRs) have synthesised the evidence of their effectiveness. These reviews are, however, limited to specific interventions, components, or outcomes, and a comprehensive evidence base is lacking. The aim of this meta-review was to appraise and meta-synthesise the evidence from existing SRs to provide a comprehensive evidence base on the effectiveness of interventions for parents of preterm infants on parental and infant outcomes. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of the following databases to identify relevant SRs: Cochrane library, Web of science, EMBASE, CINAHL, British Nursing Index, PsycINFO, Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, IBSS, DOAJ, ERIC, EPPI-Centre, PROSPERO, WHO Library. Additional searches were conducted using authors’ institutional libraries, Google Scholar, and the reference lists of identified reviews. Identified articles were screened in two stages against an inclusion criteria with titles and abstracts screened first followed by full-text screening. Selected SRs were appraised using the AMSTAR tool. Extracted data using a predesigned tool were synthesised narratively examining the direction of impact on outcomes. Results: We found 11 SRs eligible for inclusion that synthesised a total of 343 quantitative primary studies. The average quality of the SRs was ‘medium’. Thirty four interventions were reported across the SRs with considerable heterogeneity in the structural framework and the targeted outcomes that included maternal-infant dyadic, maternal/parental, and infant outcomes. Among all interventions, Kangaroo Care (KC) showed the most frequent positive impact across outcomes (n = 19) followed by Mother Infant Transaction Program (MITP) (n = 14). Other interventions with most consistent positive impact on infant outcomes were Modified-Mother Infant Transaction Program (M-MITP) (n = 6), Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) (n = 5) and Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment (COPE) (n = 5). Overall, interventions with both home and facility based components showed the most frequent positive impact across outcomes. Conclusions: Neonatal care policy and planning for preterm babies should consider the implementation of interventions with most positive impact on outcomes. The heterogeneity in interventions and outcomes calls for the development and implementation of an integrated program for parents of preterm infants with a clearly defined global set of parental and infant outcomes

Preparative isolation, fractionation and chemical characterization of dissolved organics from natural and industrially derived bitumen-influenced groundwaters from the Athabasca River watershed

Recent analytical advances have provided evidence that groundwater affected by oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is reaching the Athabasca River at one location. To understand and discriminate the toxicological risks posed by OSPW-influenced groundwater relative to groundwaters associated with natural oil sands deposits, these highly complex mixtures of soluble organics were subjected to toxicological characterization through effects directed analysis. A recently-developed preparative fractionation methodology was applied to bitumen-influenced groundwaters and successfully isolated dissolved organics from both industrial and natural sources into three chemically distinct fractions (F1, F2, F3), enabling multiple toxicological assessments. Analytical techniques included electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS), liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF/MS), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) methods, which did not reveal obvious differences between sources. Comparisons between fractions within each source consistently demonstrated that F3 contained compounds with greater polarity than F2, which in turn was more polar than F1. The abundance of O2 species was confined to F1, including naphthenic acids often cited for being the primary toxicants within bitumen-influenced waters. This result is consistent with earlier work on aged OSPW, as well as with other extraction methods, suggesting that additional factors other than molecular weight and the presence of acid functionalities play a prominent role in defining compound polarities and toxicities within complex bitumen-derived organic mixtures. The similarities in organic abundances, chemical speciation, aromaticity, and double bond equivalents, concomitant with inorganic mixture similarities, demonstrate the resemblances of bitumen-influenced groundwaters regardless of the source, and reinforce the need for more advanced targeted analyses for source differentiation.This work was funded under the Oil Sands Monitoring Program, and is a contribution to the Program, but does not necessarily reflect the position of the Program. Internal resources from Environment and Climate Change Canada were also used to fund this research

Analysis of the effects of exposure to acute hypoxia on oxidative lesions and tumour progression in a transgenic mouse breast cancer model

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tumour hypoxia is known to be a poor prognostic indicator, predictive of increased risk of metastatic disease and reduced survival. Genomic instability has been proposed as one of the potential mechanisms for hypoxic tumour progression. Both of these features are commonly found in many cancer types, but their relationship and association with tumour progression has not been examined in the same model.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To address this issue, we determined the effects of 6 week <it>in vivo </it>acute hypoxic exposure on the levels of mutagenic lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine DNA (8-oxo-dG) lesions in the transgenic polyomavirus middle T (PyMT) breast cancer mouse model.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We observed significantly increased plasma lipid peroxidation and 8-oxo-dG lesion levels in the hypoxia-exposed mice. Consumption of malondialdehyde also induced a significant increase in the PyMT tumour DNA lesion levels, however, these increases did not translate into enhanced tumour progression. We further showed that the <it>in vivo </it>exposure to acute hypoxia induced accumulation of F4/80 positive tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), demonstrating a relationship between hypoxia and macrophages in an experimental model.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data suggest that although exposure to acute hypoxia causes an increase in 8-oxo-dG lesions and TAMs in the PyMT tumours, these increases do not translate into significant changes in tumour progression at the primary or metastatic levels in this strong viral oncogene-driven breast cancer model.</p