PASSIVE AND IONTOPHORETIC PERMEATION OF CAPTOPRIL GEL: AN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDY

The  Objective  of  this  work  was  to  formulate  and evaluate  captopril  gel  to  assess  its  suitability  for  transdermal delivery  by  passive  and  iontophoresis.  A  polymer  gel  was prepared  using  hydroxypropyl  methyl  cellulose  and  in  vitro skin permeability was assessed in full thickness skin of rabbits and  pigs.  For  in  vivo  studies  New  Zealand  rabbits  were  used. In vitro  passive permeation was carried out in Franz diffusion cell but for iontophoresis, diffusion cell was modified according to  Glikfield  design.  Iontophoresis  was  performed  at  a  current density  of  0.5  mA/cm2via  silver  /silver  chloride  electrodes with passive controls but for in vivo  study current density wasreduced  to  0.1  mA/cm2.  Blood  samples  were  analyzed  for drug content by HPLC. Results of the  in vitro  study indicated that iontophoresis considerably increased  the permeation rate of  captopril  compared  to  passive  controls  in  both  the  skin types  (P<0.01).  The  plasma  concentration  of  captopril  was significantly  higher  (P<0.001)  than  that  obtained  in  the passive  controls.  Results  showed  that  the  target  permeation rates  for  captopril  could  be  achieved  with  the  aid  of iontophoresis by increasing the area in an appreciable range.Key words:   Captopril,  iontophoresis,  transdermal,  Rabbit,  Pigskin, in vitro, in vivo

Transdermal Delivery of Antihypertensive Agents: A tabular update

Transdermal Drug Delivery System is viable drug delivery platform technology and has a strong market world wide. Transdermal Drug Delivery System is particularly desirable for drugs that need prolonged administration at controlled plasma level that basis make appropriateness to antihypertensive agents for their transdermal development. Controlled zero order absorption, easily termination of drug delivery, easy to administration also support for popularity of transdermal delivery. This paper reviews the work on transdermal studies of antihypertensive agents in the tabular form.Keywords: Transdermal, Antihypertensive agents

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF LECTINIZED CISPLATIN BEARING LIPOSOMES SYSTEM

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent and mechanism anti-cancer drug-loaded liposomes using wheat germ agglutinin as a guiding molecule. Methods: For the drug-loaded liposome synthesis, the thin film hydration method was used and the drug cisplatin was loaded during the synthesis and followed by the surface modification using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin. The developed system was confirmed based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), particle size (PS) analyzer, polydispersity index and Zeta Potential analyzer. Results: The results showed the surface modified by liposomes had the particle size 200±5 nm. The wheat germ agglutinin coated on the surface to liposome led to a reduction in zeta potential and drug entrapment efficiency while particle size increased. Plain liposomes containing cisplatin had less effect than WGA modified liposome on MCF-7 cell lines. Conclusion: The MTT studies indicated that the drug molecules were initially get delivered to the inside the cell. This formulation offered new simple approach and effectively kill the cells via targeting the nucleus

Advances in Natural Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Drug Delivery

Natural and biodegradable polymers have been the key area for utilizing their advantages which make them a possible option for development of various drug delivery systems. The complexity of diseases and the intrinsic drug toxicity and side effects has led to an interest for development and optimization of drug delivery systems. The advancements in nanotechnology have favored the development of novel formulations which can modulate the biopharmaceutical properties of bioactives and thus improves the pharmacological and therapeutic action. The shape, size, and charge nanoscale delivery system, such as nanoparticles (NPs) are required to be investigated and changed in order to promote and optimize the formulations. The various natural polymeric NPs (PNPs) have been found to be key tool to enhance bioavailability or specific delivery to certain site of action. In this chapter, the uses of various polymeric materials for the development of NPs as drug delivery systems for various ailments have been described. The entrapment of bioactive compounds in PNPs systems is a hopeful move toward improvement of efficacy of drug toward the treatments of various diseases

Endoscopic neck surgery

Endoscopic surgery in the neck was attempted in 1996 for performing parathyroidectomy. A similar surgical technique was used for performing thyroidectomy the following year. Most commonly reported endoscopic neck surgery studies in literature have been on thyroid and parathyroid glands. The approaches are divided into two types i.e., the total endoscopic approach using CO2 insufflation and the video-assisted approach without CO2 insufflation. The latter approach has been reported more often. The surgical access (port placements) may vary-the common sites are the neck, anterior chest wall, axilla, and periareolar region. The limiting factors are the size of the gland and malignancy. Few reports are available on endoscopic resection for early thyroid malignancy and cervical lymph node dissection. Endoscopic neck surgery has primarily evolved due to its cosmetic benefits and it has proved to be safe and feasible in suitable patients with thyroid and parathyroid pathologies. Application of this technique for approaching other cervical organs such as the submandibular gland and carotid artery are still in the early experimental phase

Correlation analysis of reactivity in the oxidation of substituted benzyl alcohols by morpholinium chlorochromate

669-676Oxidation of benzyl alcohol and some ortho-, meta- and para-monosubstituted derivatives by morpholinium chlorochromate in dimethyl sulphoxide leads to the formation of corresponding benzaldehydes. The reaction is first order each in both morpholinium chlorochromate and the alcohol. The reaction is promoted by hydrogen ions; the hydrogen-ion dependence has the form kobs= a + b [H⁺]. Oxidation of ⍺,⍺-dideuteriobenzyl alcohol exhibits a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 5.86 at 298 K). The reaction has been studied in nineteen organic solvents and the effect of solvent analysed using Taft's and Swain's multi-parametric equations. The rates of oxidation of para- and meta-substituted benzyl alcohols have been correlated in terms of Charton’s triparametric LDR equation whereas the oxidation of ortho-substituted benzyl alcohols with tetraperametric LDRS equation. The oxidation of para-substituted benzyl alcohols is more susceptible to the delocalization effect than that of ortho- and meta- substituted compounds, which display a greater dependence on the field effect. The positive value of η suggests the presence of an electron-deficient reaction centre in the rate-determining step. The reaction is subjected to steric acceleration by the ortho-substituents. A suitable mechanism is also proposed

A correlative cross sectional study on Manas Prakriti and psychological parameters among young females

Background: Several scientific studies have documented the relationship among personality types, psychological traits and disorders. Manasika Prakṛiti, described in Ayurveda, is based on the three qualities of mind i.e Satva, Raja and Tama which determine the three Manasika Prakṛiti, namely, Satvika, Rajasika, and Tamasika . Among these, Satvika individuals are less prone for psychological disorders than Tamasika and Rajasika type. Few studies have been conducted on relationship of psychological parameters and Manas Prakriti, Thus it requires a large sample survey specifically in Indian population to make conclusive statements. Aim and Objective: To find an association between Manasika Prakriti and Psychological parameter i.e Stress, depression and anxiety among healthy females. Methods: A total 450 healthy females (180 Satvika, 145 Rajasika and 125 Tamasika Prakriti) were selected from different department of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Assessment of Manasika Prakriti was done by using Manas Prakriti assessment inventory(MPAI) developed by Aftab A et.,al, 2018 and psychological parameters i.e stress, depression and anxiety were assessed by using Stress Scale, Beck depressions inventory II(BDI II) and Sinha’s anxiety scale. Result: Significant difference was found in between Manasika Prakriti and Psychological parameters i.e. stress, depression and anxiety at the faculty level(p<0.001). In all the faculty Satvika Prakriti females having very low level of stress and anxiety(63.4%, 34.4%) and minimal level of depression(76.6%) while few Rajasika Prakriti females having mild level of depression(47.6%) and severe level of anxiety(53.8%).Tamasika Prakriti females were having higher chances of severe level of stress, depression and anxiety as compared to other Prakriti

A Study of Relationship between Arterial Blood Pressure and Mid Arm Circumference in Young Adults

The present study was done to find out the correlation between mid-arm circumference (MAC)and blood pressure, {systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP); pulse pressure(PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)} values. There is paucity of information on the variation in blood pressure and pulse rate parameters of normal individuals. The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between MAC and BP. The study was conducted in 184 healthy young adults. There were 119 male and 65 female participants. In view of gender differences in autonomic regulation, data of male and female subjects were analyzed separately. We used analysis of variance to compare differences between Mean± SD, maximum, minimum values and correlations of MAC and blood pressure values. Conclusion: The Mean±SD of blood pressure values were higher in those subjects who had high mid arm circumference and least in those subjects who had lower mid arm circumference. A p value *0.05 and * 0.01 were considered statistically significant for both male as well as in female subjects. There was significant spearman`s correlation between MAC and BP in both male as well as in female subjects