Multidimensional explicit difference schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws

First and second order explicit difference schemes are derived for a three dimensional hyperbolic system of conservation laws, without recourse to dimensional factorization. All schemes are upwind (backward) biased and optimally stable

Computational methods for ideal compressible flow

Conservative dissipative difference schemes, the recognition and representation of discontinuities, and multidimensional methods are discussed

Flux-vector splitting and Runge-Kutta methods for the Euler equations

Runge-Kutta schemes have been used as a method of solving the Euler equations exterior to an airfoil. In the past this has been coupled with central differences and an artificial vesocity in space. In this study the Runge-Kutta time-stepping scheme is coupled with an upwinded space approximation based on flux-vector splitting. Several acceleration techniques are also considered including a local time step, residual smoothing and multigrid

Observation and analysis of in situ carbonaceous matter in Nakhla: Part I

New analyses of indigenous secondary material in the martian meteorite Nakhla reveal amorphous carbon-rich veins and dendrites. The texture and chemistry of this material resembles that of biogenically altered sub-ocean basaltic glasses

Sharing and community curation of mass spectrometry data with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking

The potential of the diverse chemistries present in natural products (NP) for biotechnology and medicine remains untapped because NP databases are not searchable with raw data and the NP community has no way to share data other than in published papers. Although mass spectrometry techniques are well-suited to high-throughput characterization of natural products, there is a pressing need for an infrastructure to enable sharing and curation of data. We present Global Natural Products Social molecular networking (GNPS, http://gnps.ucsd.edu), an open-access knowledge base for community wide organization and sharing of raw, processed or identified tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry data. In GNPS crowdsourced curation of freely available community-wide reference MS libraries will underpin improved annotations. Data-driven social-networking should facilitate identification of spectra and foster collaborations. We also introduce the concept of ‘living data’ through continuous reanalysis of deposited data