3 research outputs found

    T-cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia Manifesting in Patients with HIV-1 Infection: Cases Series and Review of the Literature

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    We report five patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV-1/AIDS) who developed T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL). None of the patients fulfilled criteria for diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative lymphocyte syndrome (DILS) or HIV-associated CD8+ lymphocytosis syndrome at the time of diagnosis of LGLL. The immunophenotype of malignant T-cells was identical in three patients with co-expression of CD3, CD8, CD57, and T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta. Three out of five patients were also diagnosed with clonal disorders of B-cell origin including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).  Two patients developed cytopenias due to T-LGLL prompting initiation of therapy. Our study suggests that chronic viral infection with HIV can contribute to evolution of T-LGLL. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of T-LGLL associated with HIV-1/AIDS resemble those of immunocompetent  patients

    Turning Themselves In: Why Companies Disclose Regulatory Violations

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    As part of a recent trend toward more cooperative relations between regulators and industry, novel government programs are encouraging firms to monitor their own regulatory compliance and voluntarily report their own violations. In this study, we examine how enforcement activities, statutory protections, community pressure, and organizational characteristics influence organizations ’ decisions to self-police. We created a comprehensive dataset for the “Audit Policy”, a United States Environmental Protection Agency program that encourages companies to self-disclose violations of environmental laws and regulations in exchange for reduced sanctions. We find that facilities were more likely to self-disclose if they were recently inspected or subjected to an enforcement action, were narrowly targeted for heightened scrutiny by a US EPA initiative, and were larger and thus more prominent in their environment. While we find some evidence that state-level statutory immunity facilitates self-disclosure, we find no evidence that statutory audit privilege does so. The pitched political battles over regulation in the 1970s and 1980s, from deregulation to Reagan’s vow to get government “off the backs ” of industry, have given way in recent years to a ne
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