1,229 research outputs found
Improving the quality of palliative and terminal care in the hospital by a network of palliative care nurse champions: the study protocol of the PalTeC-H project
BACKGROUND: The quality of care of patients dying in the hospital is often judged as insufficient. This article describes the protocol of a study to assess the quality of care of the dying patient and the contribution of an intervention targeted on staff nurses of inpatient wards of a large university hospital in the Netherlands. METHODS/DESIGN: We designed a controlled before and after study. The intervention is the establishment of a network for palliative care nurse champions, aiming to improve the quality of hospital end-of-life care. Assessments are performed among bereaved relatives, nurses and physicians on seven wards before and after introduction of the intervention and on 11 control wards where the intervention is not applied. We focus on care provided during the last three days of life, covered in global ratings of the quality of life in the last three days of life and the quality of dying, and various secondary endpoints of treatment and care affecting quality of life and dying. DISCUSSION: With this study we aim to improve the understanding of and attention for patientsβ needs, and the quality of care in the dying phase in the hospital and measure the impact of a quality improvement intervention targeted at nurses
Doubling up:The Influence of Native and Foreign Language Cues in Foreign Language Double Consonant Spelling
Dying at home or in an institution: perspectives of Dutch physicians and bereaved relatives
Introduction Previous studies have shown that most people prefer to die at their own home. We investigated whether physicians or bereaved relatives in retrospect differently appreciate the dying of patients in an institution or at home.
Materials and methods Of 128 patients with incurable cancer who were followed in the last phase of their lives, 103 passed away during follow-up. After death, physicians filled out a written questionnaire for 102 of these patients, and 63 bereaved relatives were personally interviewed.
Results Of 103 patients, 49 died in an institution (mostly a hospital), and 54 died at home (or in two cases in a home-like situation). Patients who had been living with a partner relatively often died at home. Bereaved relatives knew of the patientβs wish to die at home in 25 out of 63 cases; 20 of these patients actually died at home. Thirty-one patients had no known preference concerning their place of dying. Most symptoms and the care provided to address them were equally prevalent in patients dying in an institution and patients dying at home. Bereaved relatives were in general quite satisfied about the provision of medical and nursing care in both settings.
Conclusion We conclude that most patientsβ preferences concerning the place of dying can be met. In about half of all cases, patients do not seem to have a clear preference concerning their place of dying, which is apparently not a major concern for many people. We found no indication that dying in an institution or at home involves major differences in the process and quality of dying
Do large language models solve verbal analogies like children do?
Analogy-making lies at the heart of human cognition. Adults solve analogies
such as \textit{Horse belongs to stable like chicken belongs to ...?} by
mapping relations (\textit{kept in}) and answering \textit{chicken coop}. In
contrast, children often use association, e.g., answering \textit{egg}. This
paper investigates whether large language models (LLMs) solve verbal analogies
in A:B::C:? form using associations, similar to what children do. We use verbal
analogies extracted from an online adaptive learning environment, where 14,002
7-12 year-olds from the Netherlands solved 622 analogies in Dutch. The six
tested Dutch monolingual and multilingual LLMs performed around the same level
as children, with MGPT performing worst, around the 7-year-old level, and XLM-V
and GPT-3 the best, slightly above the 11-year-old level. However, when we
control for associative processes this picture changes and each model's
performance level drops 1-2 years. Further experiments demonstrate that
associative processes often underlie correctly solved analogies. We conclude
that the LLMs we tested indeed tend to solve verbal analogies by association
with C like children do
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π² Π±Π΅Π³ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π½ΠΎ-Π³ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ² Π· ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ, ΡΠΊΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡ
Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π»ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ Π·Π³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³ΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Π»ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ² ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π·Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ»Ρ Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»Ρ ΡΠ° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π³Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ· Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Ρ.Using the method of multiple scales, the asymptotic expansions are obtained up to the values of the third order. The expansions condition the components of fluid movement velocity under floating ice cover at propagation of periodic surface flexural-gravity wave of finite amplitude in the condition of ice compression. Dependence of distribution of velocity components along the wave profile upon the compressive force value and the initial harmonic characteristics is considered. It is shown that rise of compressive force is accompanied by decrease of amplitude values of velocity components and lag of oscillationsβ phase
Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom profiles and concurrent problems with alcohol and cannabis: Sex differences in a representative, population survey
Background: Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows a robust association with alcohol and cannabis misuse, and these relationships are expressed differently in males and females. Manifestation of specific ADHD symptom profiles, even in the absence of the full disorder, may also be related to problems with alcohol and cannabis, although these relationships have not been investigated in epidemiological studies. To address this question, we studied the sex-specific associations of ADHD symptomatology with problematic alcohol and cannabis use in a representative sample of adults aged 18 years and older residing in Ontario, Canada. Methods: Data were obtained from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Monitor, an ongoing cross-sectional telephone survey, between January 2011 and December 2013. Respondents (n = 5080) reported on current ADHD symptomatology, measured using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Version 1.1 Screener (ASRS-V1.1) and four additional items, and alcohol and cannabis use, which were measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), respectively. Logistic regression analyses were conducted in men and women to test the association of each ADHD symptom cluster (hyperactivity, inattentiveness, impulsivity) with problematic alcohol and cannabis use. Results: After controlling for age, education, and comorbid internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, hyperactive symptoms were associated with problematic alcohol use in both men and women and with problematic cannabis use in men. Impulsive symptoms were independently associated with problematic cannabis use in men. By contrast, inattentive symptomatology predicted problems with alcohol and cannabis only in women. In all models, age was negatively associated with substance misuse and externalizing behavior was positively correlated and the strongest predictor of hazardous alcohol and cannabis use. Conclusions: ADHD symptom expression in adulthood is related to concurrent hazardous use of alcohol and cannabis. Distinctive ADHD symptom profiles may confer increased risk for substance misuse in a sex-specific manner
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