14 research outputs found

    The Victoria Falls, a species boundary for the Zambezi Parrotfish, Cyphomyrus discorhynchus (Peters, 1852), and the resurrection of Cyphomyrus cubangoensis (Pellegrin, 1936) (Mormyridae: Teleostei)

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    Cyphomyrus discorhynchus occurs in the Zambezi River and in the linked systems of the Kwando and the Okavango. We collected specimens from both above and below the Victoria Falls and recorded Electric Organ Discharges. We found a marked degree of anatomical differentiation among the specimens from the Zambezi delta to the Victoria Falls that represents a subspecific, geographical cline, reflecting the great length (1400 km) and high ecological diversity of that river section (Lower and Middle Zambezi). We confirm that the populations above the Falls (i.e. Upper Zambezi, Kwando and Okavango) are differentiated from those below, possessing fewer dorsal fin rays (a median of 30–31 rather than 33–34). The waveforms of the electric organ discharge pulses have four phases and show geographic variation but were briefer for specimens from below the Falls. We resurrect Cyphomyrus cubangoensis (Pellegrin, 1936) for the Upper Zambezi/Kwando/Okavango system

    Report of the multidisciplinary investigation of differentiation and potential hybridisation between two Yellowfish species Labeobarbus Kimberleyensis and L. Aeneus from the Orange-Vaal system

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    From the executive summary]: The relationships within and between two yellowfish species, Labeobarbus aeneus (smallmouth yellowfish) and L. kimberleyensis (largemouth yellowfish) from the Orange-Vaal system were investigated through three independently conducted studies of the same material collected from the Sak River (the type locality of L. aeneus), the upper Orange River at Aliwal North and the lower Orange River at Pella and Onseepkans

    Social Costs of Energy Disruptions

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    Cyphomyrus Myers. Although 1960

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    Genus <i>Cyphomyrus</i> Myers 1960 <p> <i>Diagnosis (from Myers 1960)</i></p> <p>Dorsal fin origin situated definitely anterior to anal fin origin. Dorsal fin with more rays than anal fin, and with its base longer than that of anal fin. Base of anal fin over half as long as base of dorsal fin. Mouth definitely inferior, or the chin with a short bulbous protuberance, which hides the essentially inferior position of the mouth. Teeth present only in the middle of the jaws, the median symphysial pair in the lower jaw not greatly enlarged. Body compact, deep, compressed, predorsal profile of back convex or humped. Origin of pelvic fins closer to base of pectoral fin than to origin of anal fin. Gill openings restricted, not extending below base of pelvic fin. Vertebrae 50 or fewer.</p> <p> <i>Type species</i></p> <p> <i>Mormyrus psittacus</i> Boulenger, 1897 [current status <i>Cyphomyrus psittacus</i> (Boulenger, 1897)] by original designation of Myers (1960).</p> <p> <i>Included species (valid unless otherwise stated)</i></p> <p> <i>budgetti,</i> <i>Marcusenius</i> Boulenger, 1904 [current status: junior synonym of <i>Cyphomyrus</i></p> <p> <i>psittacus</i> see Bigorne 1990a: 314: Bigorne 1990b: 150]</p> <p> <b>A</b> 0.0 <b>B</b> 0.0</p> <p>-10.0 -10.0</p> <p>dB dB</p> <p>-20.0 -20.0</p> <p>-30.0 -30.0</p> <p>0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 kHz kHz</p> <p> <b>C</b></p> <p>0.0 0.0</p> <p>) dB -10.0 -10.0 (Amplitude dB -20.0 dB -20.0</p> <p>-30.0 -30.0</p> <p>0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0</p> <p>kHz kHz</p> <p> <b>D</b> 0.0 0.0</p> <p>-10.0 -10.0 dB dB</p> <p>-20.0 -20.0</p> <p>-30.0 -30.0</p> <p>0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0</p> <p>kHz kHz</p> <p>Frequency (kHz)</p> <p> <i>discorhynchus,</i> <i>Mormyrus</i> Peters, 1852.</p> <p> <i>cubangoensis,</i> <i>Marcusenius</i> Pellegrin, 1936 [current status: junior synonym of <i>Cyphomyrus discorhynchus</i> see Jubb 1967: 33; Jubb and Ghaiger 1971: 15] <i>macrops,</i> <i>Marcusenius</i> Boulenger, 1909.</p> <p> <i>psittacus,</i> <i>Mormyrus</i> Boulenger, 1897.</p> <p> <i>wilverthi,</i> <i>Marcusenius</i> Boulenger, 1898.</p> <p> <i>smithersi, Marcusenius</i> [current status: junior synonym of <i>C. discorhynchus</i> see Määr, 1962; Jubb 1967: 33] <i>tanganicanus,</i> <i>Marcusenius</i> Boulenger, 1906 [current status: junior synonym of</p> <p> <i>C. discorhynchus</i> see Boulenger 1909: 81].</p>Published as part of <i>Kramer, Bernd & Bank, F. Herman Van der, 2011, The Victoria Falls, a species boundary for the Zambezi Parrotfish, Cyphomyrus discorhynchus (Peters, 1852), and the resurrection of Cyphomyrus cubangoensis (Pellegrin, 1936) (Mormyridae: Teleostei), pp. 2669-2699 in Journal of Natural History 45 (43 - 44)</i> on pages 2686-2689, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.597945, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5204707">http://zenodo.org/record/5204707</a&gt

    Cyphomyrus discorhynchus

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    <i>Cyphomyrus discorhynchus</i> (Peters, 1852) <p> SAIAB 96691 (2), ZSM 38644(2), four specimens, Mozambique: Lower Zambezi: Tete, 16 ◦ 09 ′ 19.3 ′′ S, 033 ◦ 36 ′ 01.0 ′′ E, 119 m altitude, 4 August 2003, field nos Disco 1–3, Disco 00011, SL 11.4–13.3 cm, water: 134.8 µS/cm at 20.5 ◦ C on 3 August 2003, 6 a.m., coll. F.H. Van der Bank and B. Kramer,</p> <p> SAIAB 96680, SAIAB 96681 (6), SAIAB 96688 (7), ZSM 38639, ZSM 38640(5), ZSM 38641(7), 27 specimens, field nos Zam 01– Zam 08, Zam 10– Zam 15, Zam 16a, Zam 16b, Zam 17– Zam 21, Zam 23– Zam 28, SL 9.4–14.4 cm, Zambia: Middle Zambezi just below the Victoria Falls near the beginning of Batoka Gorge: rapid no. 6, about 17 ◦ 56 ′ S 25 ◦ 51 ′ E, 6–8 December 1996, water: 81 µS/cm at 27.6 ◦ C on 7 December at 09.00, coll. F.H. Van der Bank and B. Kramer,</p> <p> SAIAB 96689 (3), ZSM 38642(3), field nos Zam 29– Zam 32, Zam 31a, Zam 33a, SL 11.3–13.7 cm, Zambia: Middle Zambezi: rapid no. 23 further downstream, 9 December 1996, water: 81.6 µS/cm at 28.1 ◦ C on 9 December at 07:40 h, coll. F.H. Van der Bank and B. Kramer,</p> <p> SAIAB 96690, ZSM 38643(2), field nos Zam 33b, Zam 34, Zam 36, SL 11.8–12.7 cm, Zambia; Middle Zambezi: rapid no. 25 still further downstream, 11 December 1996, water: 81.9 µS/cm at 27.6 ◦ C on 11 December at 08:14 h, coll. F.H. Van der Bank and B. Kramer.</p> <p> SAIAB 60874, 19 (of 23) specimens, SL 6.6–9.8 cm, Mozambique: Zambezi System: Zambezi River: island bank off the Marromeu harbour, 18 ◦ 17 ′ 08.63 ′′ S, 35 ◦ 56 ′ 58.83 ′′ E, 3 August 1999, Fishermen and R. Bills.</p> <p> BMNH 1906.9.8.3–4 (2 syntypes) <i>Marcusenius tanganicanus</i> Boulenger 1906, Zambia: Lake Tanganyika: Sumba (Sumbu?), Cunnington, SL 12.7–12.8 cm.</p> <p> BMNH 1906.6.9.8.5 (1 syntype), <i>Marcusenius tanganicanus</i> Boulenger 1906, Tanzania: Lake Tanganyika: Msamba, Cunnington. SL 15.0 cm.</p>Published as part of <i>Kramer, Bernd & Bank, F. Herman Van der, 2011, The Victoria Falls, a species boundary for the Zambezi Parrotfish, Cyphomyrus discorhynchus (Peters, 1852), and the resurrection of Cyphomyrus cubangoensis (Pellegrin, 1936) (Mormyridae: Teleostei), pp. 2669-2699 in Journal of Natural History 45 (43 - 44)</i> on page 2677, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.597945, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5204707">http://zenodo.org/record/5204707</a&gt

    Phylogenetic Relationships Between Eight African Species of Mormyriform Fish ('l'eleostei, Osteichthyes): Resolution of a Cryptic Species, and Reinstatement of Cyphomyrus Myers, 1960

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    Phylogenetic relationships between seven elephantfish species from five genera (Mormyridae) that are endemic to southern Africa, and the Nile knifefish of the sister family, Gymnarchidae, were determined using biochemical genetic data, behaviour (the waveforms of the electric organ discharge), morphology, and habitat and food preferences. The results confirmed the existence of an undescribed species of Hippopotamyrus, and that H. ansorgii and H. discorhynchus are not congeners. These distinctions had been suggested by differences in electric organ discharge waveforms and are here substantiated by morphological and genetic data. We recommend the reinstatement of Cyphomyrus discorhynchus (Peters, 1852). Genetic distance (D, Nei, 1972) values suggest confamilial genera (D average of 1.09 for all species studied, and 0.715 for southern African species), with the exception of the sympatric and congeneric species: H. ansorgii and H. sp. (D=0.423). Phylogenies based on morphological and electrophoretic data are congruent

    DNA barcoding of southern African crustaceans reveals a mix of invasive species and potential cryptic diversity.

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    Globally, crustaceans represent one of the most taxonomically diverse and economically important invertebrate group. Notwithstanding, the diversity within this group is poorly known because most crustaceans are often associated with varied habits, forms, sizes and habitats; making species identification by conventional methods extremely challenging. In addition, progress towards understanding the diversity within this group especially in southern Africa has been severely hampered by the declining number of trained taxonomists, the presence of invasive alien species, over exploitation, etc. However, the advent of molecular techniques such as "DNA barcoding and Metabarcoding" can accelerate species identification and the discovery of new species. To contribute to the growing body of knowledge on crustacean diversity, we collected data from five southern African countries and used a DNA barcoding approach to build the first DNA barcode reference library for southern African crustaceans. We tested the reliability of this DNA barcode reference library to facilitate species identification using two approaches. We recovered high efficacy of specimen identification/discrimination; supported by both barcode gap and tree-base species identification methods. In addition, we identified alien invasive species and specimens with 'no ID" in our DNA barcode reference library. The later; highlighting specimens requiring (i) further investigation and/or (ii) the potential presence of cryptic diversity or (iii) misidentifications. This unique data set although with some sampling gaps presents many opportunities for exploring the effect and extent of invasive alien species, the role of the pet trade as a pathway for crustacean species introduction into novel environments, sea food authentication, phylogenetic relationships within the larger crustacean groupings and the discovery of new species

    Global Spore Sampling Project: A global, standardized dataset of airborne fungal DNA

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    Novel methods for sampling and characterizing biodiversity hold great promise for re-evaluating patterns of life across the planet. The sampling of airborne spores with a cyclone sampler, and the sequencing of their DNA, have been suggested as an efficient and well-calibrated tool for surveying fungal diversity across various environments. Here we present data originating from the Global Spore Sampling Project, comprising 2,768 samples collected during two years at 47 outdoor locations across the world. Each sample represents fungal DNA extracted from 24 m3 of air. We applied a conservative bioinformatics pipeline that filtered out sequences that did not show strong evidence of representing a fungal species. The pipeline yielded 27,954 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Each OTU is accompanied by a probabilistic taxonomic classification, validated through comparison with expert evaluations. To examine the potential of the data for ecological analyses, we partitioned the variation in species distributions into spatial and seasonal components, showing a strong effect of the annual mean temperature on community composition
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