Світова практика регулювання агропромислового виробництва

Метою даної роботи є дослідження організаційно-економічних механізмів регулювання агропромислового виробництва. Мета передбачає розгляд наступного завдання: теоретичне узагальнення світового досвіду і практики регулювання

To Stop or Not to Stop, That’s the Question: About Persistence and Mood of Workaholics and Work Engaged Employees

status: publishe

Estimating transmission parameters for respiratory syncytial virus and predicting the impact of maternal and pediatric vaccination

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract illness in young children and a major cause of hospital admissions globally. Methods Here we fit age-structured transmission models with immunity propagation to data from the Netherlands (2012–2017). Data included nationwide hospitalizations with confirmed RSV, general practitioner (GP) data on attendance for care from acute respiratory infection, and virological testing of acute respiratory infections at the GP. The transmission models, equipped with key parameter estimates, were used to predict the impact of maternal and pediatric vaccination. Results Estimates of the basic reproduction number were generally high (R0 > 10 in scenarios with high statistical support), while susceptibility was estimated to be low in nonelderly adults (<10% in persons 20–64 years) and was higher in older adults (≥65 years). Scenario analyses predicted that maternal vaccination reduces the incidence of infection in vulnerable infants (<1 year) and shifts the age of first infection from infants to young children. Conclusions Pediatric vaccination is expected to reduce the incidence of infection in infants and young children (0–5 years), slightly increase incidence in 5 to 9-year-old children, and have minor indirect benefits

The National Immunisation Programme in the Netherlands : surveillance and developments in 2017-2018.

In 2017, about 760,000 children aged 0 to 19 years received a total of 2,140,000 vaccinations within the National Immunisation Programme (NIP). Participation in the NIP was high among children under 10 years of age, despite the drop by around 2-3% for most vaccinations since 2014. An exception in the high participation is the number of girls who was vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV), which has declined by 15% since 2016. The number of reports (1,383) of possible adverse events following immunisation in 2017 was lower than the number of reports in 2016 (1,483). NIP target diseases There is an ongoing increase in the number of cases with meningococcal serogroup W (MenW) disease with 80 cases reported in 2017 and 78 up to August 2018. Because of this increase, since May 2018, the MenC vaccination given at 14 months of age has been replaced by a quadrivalent MenACWY vaccination. The case fatality of MenW disease (17%) was substantially higher than for other serogroups. In 2017, the number of measles cases was low (16 reported cases) but higher than in the previous two years. The number of pertussis reports in 2017 was comparable with 2016 (28.7 compared with 32.6 per 10,000). Three people died from pertussis, one infant and two elderly. The number of reports of acute hepatitis B infections stayed stable (0.7 per 100,000 population). Also, the incidence of vaccine type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remained very low in 2017/2018. Once again, the number of reported cases were in 2017 low for mumps (46), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib; 46), meningococcal serogroep C (MenC; 9), diphtheria (4), tetanus (1), rubella (0) and polio (0). The inhabitants of Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba are predominantly well protected against NIP diseases. However, protection against measles and diphtheria is suboptimal for some age groups. Awareness is needed to prevent these diseases from spreading from neighboring countries, where outbreaks currently are observed. New advice and decisions In July 2018, the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports decided to expand the MenACWY vaccination outbreak programme to 13-14 year olds. In 2019, there will be a catch up campaign for all 15-18 year olds. Furthermore, it was decided that vaccination against disease caused by rotavirus will be included in the NIP for risk groups, and that maternal pertussis vaccination in the NIP will be organised by youth health care organisations. The Dutch Health Council advises to offer vaccination against pneumococcal disease to the people 60 years and older. (aut. ref.