A third pathogenic and lymphotropic human retrovirus

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2015-06-29T16:51:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Van W J A Third Pathogenic....pdf: 541864 bytes, checksum: 081a47695d5fdd72d589574942e52557 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2015-06-29T17:07:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Van W J A Third Pathogenic....pdf: 541864 bytes, checksum: 081a47695d5fdd72d589574942e52557 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-29T17:07:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Van W J A Third Pathogenic....pdf: 541864 bytes, checksum: 081a47695d5fdd72d589574942e52557 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia e Imunoregulaçãode. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Instituto de Investigação em Imunolgia (iii-INCT). Brasil / Rega Institute for Medical Research. Clinical and Epidemiological Virology. Leuven, Belgiu

Treatment of multiple sclerosis patients with interferon-beta primes monocyte-derived macrophages for apoptotic cell death

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-03-24T17:46:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Van Weyenbergh J Treatment of multiple....pdf: 177035 bytes, checksum: e34a48be36ad1034ddfea20d2289a1d4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-24T17:46:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Van Weyenbergh J Treatment of multiple....pdf: 177035 bytes, checksum: e34a48be36ad1034ddfea20d2289a1d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001INSERM. Paris, FrançaINSERM. Paris, FrançaInstitut Curie. Section de Recherche. Paris, FrançaFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilAlthough interferon (IFN)-b has shown a significant clinical benefit in multiple sclerosis (MS), its mechanism of action remains unclear. We found that IFN-b treatment of patients with MS resulted in a significant increase in apoptotic cell death (measured by annexin V staining and nuclear fragmentation) of monocyte-derived macrophages, as compared with cells derived from patients before treatment. Stimulation of the cells with IFN-b in vitro resulted in an even further increase of annexin V binding, as well as increased Fas (CD 95, APO-1) expression. However, no increased Fas expression, apoptotic monocytes, or monocytopenia were observed upon in vivo treatment. This indicates that IFN-b does not deliver a death signal to monocytes but rather primes for subsequent macrophage apoptosis upon activation or differentiatio

Antagonistic action of IFN-beta and IFN-gamma on high affinity Fc gamma receptor expression in healthy controls and multiple sclerosis patients

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2015-06-30T13:24:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Van Weyenbergh J Antagonistic Action of....pdf: 94127 bytes, checksum: 84f1c90cf16e7fe9dcf404927c7e2f65 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2015-06-30T14:24:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Van Weyenbergh J Antagonistic Action of....pdf: 94127 bytes, checksum: 84f1c90cf16e7fe9dcf404927c7e2f65 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-30T14:24:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Van Weyenbergh J Antagonistic Action of....pdf: 94127 bytes, checksum: 84f1c90cf16e7fe9dcf404927c7e2f65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / nstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM). Institut Curie. Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM). Institut Curie. Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM). Institut Curie. Paris, FranceHôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière. Fédération de Neurologie et INSERM. Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire. Paris, FranceInstitut Pasteur. Unité d’Immuno-Allergie. Paris, FranceHôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière. Fédération de Neurologie et INSERM. Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire. Paris, Francenstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM). Institut Curie. Paris, FranceMonocyte-macrophage activation by IFN-g is characterized by a pronounced increase of high affinity Fc receptors for IgG (FcgRI), capable of triggering respiratory burst, phagocytosis, Ab-dependent cytotoxicity, and release of proinflammatory cytokines. In view of the antagonism of IFN-b on IFN-g action, of interest in the chronic inflammatory disorder multiple sclerosis, we examined the possible effect of IFN-b on IFN-g induction of FcgRI gene expression. We found that IFN-b significantly downregulated IFN-g-induced FcgRI surface expression in peripheral blood monocytes from healthy donors, in a dose- and timedependent manner. This down-regulation of FcgRI surface levels did not correspond to a decrease in FcgRI mRNA, suggesting a posttranscriptional effect of IFN-b. Down-regulation of FcgRI surface expression correlated with diminished cellular signaling through FcgRI, since the IFN-g-induced increase in Fcg receptor-triggered respiratory burst was nearly completely abrogated by simultaneous addition of IFN-b. Finally, the same antagonism between both IFNs on FcgRI surface expression was observed in peripheral blood monocytes derived from multiple sclerosis patients; inhibition by IFN-b was even increased (82 6 11%), as compared with healthy controls (67 6 4%). These results may partially help explain the beneficial effect of IFN-b in multiple sclerosis

The replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in macrophages is enhanced after phagocytosis of apoptotic cells.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2012-09-06T17:39:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima RG The replication of human ....pdf: 118124 bytes, checksum: a010923612eef7c104e7a3063286d053 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-06T17:39:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima RG The replication of human ....pdf: 118124 bytes, checksum: a010923612eef7c104e7a3063286d053 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilClearance of apoptotic cells increases macrophage secretion of antiinflammatory mediators and might modulate viral replication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1–infected macrophages. To study this, primary macrophages were infected with HIV-1 and exposed to apoptotic cells. It was found that phagocytosis of apoptotic cells potently enhanced HIV-1 growth. The peptide Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, which binds to integrin receptors, inhibited the uptake of apoptotic cells and the subsequent enhancement of HIV-1 replication. Viral replication was preceded by increased secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)–b1 and partially reverted by anti–TGF-b1 antibodies. Moreover, anti–TGF-b1 antibodies inhibited HIV-1 replication in macrophages not exposed to apoptotic cells. A positive correlation was observed between TGFb1 production and HIV-1 growth, and the addition of TGF-b1 amplified HIV-1 replication in macrophages from low TGF-b1 producers. The findings suggest that TGF-b1 favors HIV-1 replication in macrophages and that the clearance of apoptotic cells by HIV-1–infected macrophages contributes to persistent viremia in patients infected with HIV-1

Early sequential development of infective dermatitis, human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy, and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2015-06-29T19:40:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Farre L Early....pdf: 335408 bytes, checksum: 426d9fbf7a15786b78a3792304caf8c4 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2015-06-30T13:19:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Farre L Early....pdf: 335408 bytes, checksum: 426d9fbf7a15786b78a3792304caf8c4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-30T13:19:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Farre L Early....pdf: 335408 bytes, checksum: 426d9fbf7a15786b78a3792304caf8c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Imunoregulação e Microbiologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos. Medicina Interna. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos. Medicina Interna. Salvador, BA, BrasilKatholieke Universiteit. Rega Institute. Clinical and Epidemiological Virology. Leuven, BelgiumFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Imunoregulação e Microbiologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos. Patologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilWe describe a patient with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated infective dermatitis who developed HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma at 16 years of age. Long inverse polymerase chain reaction was used to demonstrate monoclonal integration of proviral DNA in the lymphomatous skin lesion

IFN-β induces greater antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects and increased p53 signaling compared with IFN-α in PBMCs of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma patients

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-02-15T17:46:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dierckx T IFN-β induces greater antiproliferative.......pdf: 246167 bytes, checksum: fe8e658384d8ff7c734e850486e92fc6 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-02-15T18:32:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dierckx T IFN-β induces greater antiproliferative.......pdf: 246167 bytes, checksum: fe8e658384d8ff7c734e850486e92fc6 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-15T18:32:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dierckx T IFN-β induces greater antiproliferative.......pdf: 246167 bytes, checksum: fe8e658384d8ff7c734e850486e92fc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, to AB, JVW and AMV “PVE”), PRONEX (CNPq-FAPESB to AB and JVW and LF), FWO (Grant: ZKC1280-00-W10 and G0D6817N to AMV)Rega Institute for Medical Research. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological. KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumRega Institute for Medical Research. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological. KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilRega Institute for Medical Research. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological. KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos. Salvador, BA, BrasilRega Institute for Medical Research. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological. KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium / Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical. Center for Global Health and Tropical Medicine. Unidade de Microbiologia. Lisbon, PortugalRega Institute for Medical Research. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological. KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasi

Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-I.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2015-06-11T18:35:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bittencourt A L Histopathological and immunohistochemical....pdf: 258328 bytes, checksum: 40a53d44901ec8873c45d3ac7a876af9 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2015-06-11T18:53:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Bittencourt A L Histopathological and immunohistochemical....pdf: 258328 bytes, checksum: 40a53d44901ec8873c45d3ac7a876af9 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-11T18:53:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bittencourt A L Histopathological and immunohistochemical....pdf: 258328 bytes, checksum: 40a53d44901ec8873c45d3ac7a876af9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005Universidade Federal da Bahia. Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos. Departamento de Patologia e Dermatologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos. Laboratório de Retrovirologia. Salvador, BA, Brasilniversidade Federal da Bahia. Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos. Laboratório de Retrovirologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Imunoregulação e Microbiologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos. Departamento de Patologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos. Departamento de Patologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilInfective dermatitis associated with HTLV-I (IDH) is a chronic, recurrent, exudative eczema occurring in childhood which is considered to be a risk factor for the development of lymphoma and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Skin biopsies from 19 patients with IDH were studied histologically and immunohistochemically using the following antibodies: anti-CD3, CD45RO, CD20, CD79a, CD4, CD8, CD56, CD57, TIA-1, granzyme-B, and perforin.A chronic dermatitis similar to atopic and seborrheic dermatitis was observed in 15 cases, whereas architectural aspects mimicking mycosis fungoides were observed in the remaining four. The infiltrate consisted predominantly of CD8+ lymphocytes and of CD57+ cells in the dermis and epidermis. TIA-1 and granzyme-B were expressed in 15/18 cases and 5/19 cases at the proportion of ≤ 15% and ≤ 3%, respectively. All cases were negative for perforin and CD56. Like other dermatites, histologically IDH may represent a benign simulator of mycosis fungoides. IDH shows a predominance of CD8+ cells and a low percentage of cells with cytotoxic granules, indicating that most CD8+ lymphocytes are not activated. These findings differ from the immunohistochemical pattern of atopic and seborrheic dermatitis, possibly representing additional means of differentiation between IDH and these dermatites. The distribution of CD57+ cells suggests that they play a role in the inflammatory process

DETC-based bacterial cellulose bio-curatives for topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2017-03-21T18:41:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Celes FS DETC based....pdf: 1234264 bytes, checksum: ef7607b2c04d4f19c048147a9aa88c5a (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2017-03-22T16:38:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Celes FS DETC based....pdf: 1234264 bytes, checksum: ef7607b2c04d4f19c048147a9aa88c5a (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T16:38:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celes FS DETC based....pdf: 1234264 bytes, checksum: ef7607b2c04d4f19c048147a9aa88c5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016CNPq. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (482193/2012-3), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Programa de Apoio a Pesquisas Estratégicas (FIOCRUZ-PAPES IV) (407437/2012-6) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP). S.J.L, V.M.B and C.I.O are senior researchers CNPq. FSC received a fellowship from Coordenação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Ensino Superior (CAPES).Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Estadual Paulista. Instituto de Química. Araraquara, SP, Brasil / Universidade de Araraquara-UNIARA. Araraquara, SP, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilRega Institute for Medical Research. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. K. U. Leuven, BelgiumUniversidade Estadual Paulista. Instituto de Química. Araraquara, SP, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Estadual Paulista. Instituto de Química. Araraquara, SP, Brasil / Universidade de Araraquara-UNIARA. Araraquara, SP, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii). INCT. São Paulo, SP, BrasilThe treatment of leishmaniasis still relies on drugs with potentially serious adverse effects. Herein, we tested a topical formulation of bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes containing Diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC), a superoxide dismutase 1 inhibitor. Leishmania-infected macrophages exposed to BC-DETC resulted in parasite killing, without pronounced toxic effects to host cells. This outcome was associated with lower SOD1 activity and higher production of superoxide and cytokine mediators. Topical application of BC-DETC significantly decreased lesion size, parasite load and the inflammatory response at the infection site, as well as the production of both IFN-γ and TNF. Combination of topical BC-DETC plus intraperitoneal Sb(v) also significantly reduced disease development and parasite load. The leishmanicidal effect of BC-DETC was extended to human macrophages infected with L. braziliensis, highlighting the feasibility of BC-DETC as a topical formulation for chemotherapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis

Biological characterization and chemokine receptor usage of HIV type 1 isolates prevalent in Brazil.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-08-06T19:04:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferraro GA Biological characterization....pdf: 165242 bytes, checksum: bb755db72ba2ea81386e1608dfefe870 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T19:04:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferraro GA Biological characterization....pdf: 165242 bytes, checksum: bb755db72ba2ea81386e1608dfefe870 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Fundação para o Desenvolvimento das Ciências. Salvador, BA, Brasil / UNESCO. Ministério da Saude. CN/DST/AIDS. Salvador, BA, BrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Fundação para o Desenvolvimento das Ciências. Salvador, BA, Brasil / UNESCO. Ministério da Saude. CN/DST/AIDS. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia e Imunorregulação. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Salvador, BA, BrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Fundação para o Desenvolvimento das Ciências. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Fundação para o Desenvolvimento das Ciências. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilThe human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiological agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), shows a variety of biological properties, which may constitute an obstacle to development of effective vaccines or antiretroviral therapy. To characterize Brazilian strains of HIV-1, we studied 24 viruses isolated from blood samples of HIV-1-positive patients from different regions of the country. To examine the cell tropism and the virus ability to form syncytia, primary macrophages and the CD41 T cell line MT-2 were infected with these viruses. We found that 22 isolates replicated well in macrophages (macrophage-tropic isolates), 2 infected only MT-2 cells (T cell line tropic variants), while 6 of them grew in both cells. We found 8 syncytium-inducing (SI) and 16 non-SI (NSI) isolates. Continuous cultures of 18 isolates were established in the CCR51 /CXCR41 cell line PM-1, and SI/NSI features of these viruses were confirmed by cell fusion assay with uninfected CD41 T cell lines (PM-1, MT-2, H9, and SUP-T1). The coreceptor usage of 18 isolates was investigated by infecting U87 cells transfected with CD4 and chemokine receptors, and we found that 11 isolates infected only CCR51 cells, 3 only CXCR41 cells, whereas 4 used both coreceptors. We also observed that X4 isolates were more sensitive to neutralization by dextran sulfate than R5 or R5X4 viruses. Our findings show that the Brazilian isolates are phenotypically similar to those prevalent in other regions, which could mean that therapeutic strategies based on HIV-1 phenotypic properties would be efficient in Brazil, as in other countries

10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) decreases metabolic activity but not nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-02-06T17:30:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade DC 10-valent pneumococcal....pdf: 969616 bytes, checksum: e005ae9a584b48d30e244134e1f54ece (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-02-06T17:41:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade DC 10-valent pneumococcal....pdf: 969616 bytes, checksum: e005ae9a584b48d30e244134e1f54ece (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-06T17:41:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade DC 10-valent pneumococcal....pdf: 969616 bytes, checksum: e005ae9a584b48d30e244134e1f54ece (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Bahia State Agency for Research Funding (FAPESB) (grants APP0045/2009, PNX 0019/2009, PET 007/2012), in Brazil; and FWO (grant G0D6817N) in Belgium.Federal University of Bahia School of Medicin. Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, BrazilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicin. Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, BrazilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicin. Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, BrazilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicin. Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicin. Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, Brazil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Institutos Nacionais de Ciencia e Tecnologia. São Paulo, SP, BrasilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicin. Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, Brazil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Institutos Nacionais de Ciencia e Tecnologia. São Paulo, SP, BrasilRega Institute for Medical Research. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumFederal University of Bahia School of Medicin. Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, Brazil / Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Department of Pediatrics. Salvador, BA, BrazilThe effect of pneumococcal vaccination is widely variable when measured by nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine and non-vaccine targets. The aim of this study was to compare the carriage rates and metabolic activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis among children who were or were not vaccinated with PCV10. Methods: We included children with acute respiratory infection aged 6–23 months from a cross-sectional study (CHIADO-IVAS). Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected and respiratory pathogens were quantified by nCounter digital transcriptomics (Nanostring) and metagenomic sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (Illumina). The metabolic rate was calculated by the ratio between RNA transcripts and 16S DNA reads. Results: Out of the 80 patients in this study, 53 were vaccinated with PCV10 and 27 were unvaccinated. There was no difference in nasopharyngeal carriage rates of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae or M. catarrhalis by either transcriptomic analysis or 16S metagenomics. However, unvaccinated children presented a higher metabolic rate for S. pneumoniae compared to PCV10-vaccinated children (Median [25–75th percentiles]: 126 [22.75–218.41] vs. 0[0–47.83], p = 0.004). Furthermore, unvaccinated children presented a positive correlation between mRNA counts and 16S DNA reads for S. pneumoniae (r = 0.707; p < 0.001) and H. influenzae (r = 0.525; p = 0.005), in contrast to vaccinated children. No such effect was observed for S. aureus and M. catarrhalis. Conclusions: Vaccination by PCV10 exerts a pathogen-specific effect on pneumococcal metabolic rate. Pathogen RNA/DNA ratio might represent a more sensitive readout for vaccine follow-up, as compared to nasopharyngeal carriag