Tendência genética para características produtivas em bovinos da raça Pardo-Suíça Genetic trend in productive traits to Brown Swiss breed

Neste estudo foram analisados registros de produção de leite e de gordura de 4.959 lactações, de 2.414 vacas da raça Pardo-Suiça, filhas de 70 reprodutores, com partos observados de 1985 a 1998, em 51 rebanhos. Foram estimadas as tendências genéticas para as produções de leite (PL305ME) e de gordura (PG305ME), ajustadas à idade adulta e 305 dias de lactação. A tendência genética para os reprodutores foi estimada pela regressão linear dos valores genéticos dos reprodutores, em função do ano de parto de suas filhas, ponderados pelo número de filhas do reprodutor em cada ano de parto. O modelo animal utilizado para estimar os valores genéticos incluiu os efeitos fixos de rebanho, ano-época de parto e grupo genético do animal, além dos efeitos aleatórios, genético aditivo, de ambiente permanente e ambiente temporário. As médias para as produções de leite e gordura foram 6085,79 ± 1627,73 kg e 225,60 ± 60,46 kg, respectivamente. A tendência genética estimada para os reprodutores foi 33,01 ± 15,27 e 1,98 ± 0,61 kg/ano para PL305ME e PG305ME, respectivamente. Para vacas a tendência genética correspondeu a 20,54 ± 2,04 e 0,93 ± 0,06 kg/ano para PL305ME e PG305ME, ajustadas para idade adulta, respectivamente.<br>Records of 4959 lactation in 1985 to 1998 of 2414 Brown Swiss cows breed, daughters of 70 sires in 51 herds, were used to estimate the genetic trend for milk and fat yield adjusted for 305 days of lactation and mature age of cows (PL305ME and PG305ME). The genetic trend for sires was estimated using a linear regression of the breeding values of the sires to their daughters calving year, averaged to number of daughters in each calving year. The genetic trend of the cows was estimated using a linear regression of their estimates breeding values averaged to number of observation in each year of calving. The animal model used to estimate the breeding values, inclued the fixed effects of herd, year-season of calving, genetic group of the animals, and random effects of animal, permanent and temporary environment. The means of PL305ME and PG305ME were 6085.79 ± 1627.73 and 225.60 ± 60.46 kg, respectivelly. The genetic trend estimated to sires were 33.01 ± 15.27 and 1.98 ± 0,61 kg/year to PL305ME and PG305ME, respectivelly. The genetic trend estimated for cows were 20.54 ± 2.04 and .93 ± .06 kg/year para PL305ME and PG305ME, respectively

Estimates of covariance components for hygienic behavior in Africanized honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Genetic and phenotypic parameters considering the genetic effect on hygienic behavior of queen and workers from 40 Africanized honeybees colonies were estimated separately. Maternal origin of queens was controlled whereas the paternal was unknown, and different groups of workers were considered in three seasons, October 2006, April 2007 and August 2007, but with the same queen. Colonies were 21 honey producers and 19 royal jelly producers. After the method of freezing capped brood, hygienic behavior was determined by the ratio between the number of dead capped brood removed at 24, 48 and 72 hours and the total number of capped brood at zero hour. Data was submitted to single and three traits analyses using Bayesian inference. Estimates of direct heritability at 24, 48 and 72 hours (0.10, 0.11 and 0.11) were identical to the motherly ones. Estimates by three trait analysis of direct heritability were 0.28, 0.15, 0.24, and of maternal heritability were 0.23, 0.29, 0.27, at 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Correlations between maternal and genetic effects were 0.12, 0.09 and - 0.08 at, 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Correlation between 24 and 48 hours was 0.49; between 24 and 72 hours, 0.40; and between 48 and 72 hours, 0.47. Moderate genetic correlations with the number of capped brood removed until 48 and 72 hours indicate that after the selection of a few generations, these traits can become an efficient criterion for selection in 24 hours

Feeding the future

We must mine the biodiversity in seed banks to help to overcome food shortages, urge Susan McCouch and colleagues