Dynamic Properties of Charmonium

Nonrelativistic quark models of charmonia are tested by comparison of theoretical charmonium decay constants, form factors, and $\gamma\gamma$ widths with experiment and lattice gauge computations. The importance of relativistic effects, a running coupling, and the correct implementation of bound state effects are demonstrated. We describe how an improved model and computational techniques resolve several outstanding issues in previous nonrelativistic quark models such as the use of `correction' factors in quark model form factors, artificial energy prescriptions in decay constant calculations, and ad hoc phase space modifications. We comment on the small experimental value of $f_{\psi''}$ and the D-wave component of the $J/\psi$. Decay constants and $\gamma\gamma$ widths for bottomonium are also presented.Comment: 22 pages, 22 ps figures (table entries corrected, text modified

Canonical Charmonium Interpretation for Y(4360) and Y(4660)

In this work, we consider the canonical charmonium assignments for Y(4360) and Y(4660). Y(4660) is good candidate of $\rm 5 ^3S_1$ $c\bar{c}$ state, the possibility of Y(4360) as a $\rm 3 ^3D_1$ $c\bar{c}$ state is studied, and the charmonium hybrid interpretation of Y(4360) can not be excluded completely. We evaluate the $e^{+}e^{-}$ leptonic widths, E1 transitions, M1 transitions and the open flavor strong decays of Y(4360) and Y(4660). Experimental tests for the charmonium assignments are suggested.Comment: 32 pages, 4 figure

Strange-Beauty Meson Production at ppˉp\bar p Colliders

The production rates and transverse momentum distributions of the strange-beauty mesons $B_s$ and $B_s^*$ at $p\bar p$ colliders are calculated assuming fragmentation is the dominant process. Results are given for the Tevatron in the large transverse momentum region, where fragmentation is expected to be most important.Comment: Minor changes in the discussion section. Also available at http://www.ph.utexas.edu/~cheung/paper.htm

Identifying the quark content of the isoscalar scalar mesons f_0(980), f_0(1370), and f_0(1500) from weak and electromagnetic processes

The assignments of the isoscalar scalar mesons f0(980), f0(1370), and f0(1500) in terms of their qqbar substructure is still a matter of heated dispute. Here we employ the weak and electromagnetic decays D(s)(+) to f0+pi(+) and f0 two-photon decays, respectively, to identify the f0(980) and f0(1500) as mostly ssbar, and the f0(1370) as dominantly nonstrange, in agreement with previous work. The two-photon decays can be satisfactorily described with quark as well as with meson loops, though the latter ones provide a less model-dependent and more quantitative description.Comment: v1, 15 pages, plain LaTeX, 1 eps figure. v2, 18 pages, plain LaTeX (figure included). More discussion, especially on the f0(1370) and its empirical two-photon widt

On the π\pi and KK as qqˉq \bar q Bound States and Approximate Nambu-Goldstone Bosons

We reconsider the two different facets of $\pi$ and $K$ mesons as $q \bar q$ bound states and approximate Nambu-Goldstone bosons. We address several topics, including masses, mass splittings between $\pi$ and $\rho$ and between $K$ and $K^*$, meson wavefunctions, charge radii, and the $K-\pi$ wavefunction overlap.Comment: 15 pages, late

Ratios of BB and DD Meson Decay Constants in Relativistic Quark Model

We calculate the ratios of $B$ and $D$ meson decay constants by applying the variational method to the relativistic hamiltonian of the heavy meson. We adopt the Gaussian and hydrogen-type trial wave functions, and use six different potentials of the potential model. We obtain reliable results for the ratios, which are similar for different trial wave functions and different potentials. The obtained ratios show the deviation from the nonrelativistic scaling law, and they are in a pretty good agreement with the results of the Lattice calculations.Comment: 13 pages, 1 Postscript figur

Effect of integrated care for sick listed patients with chronic low back pain: economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial

Objective To evaluate the cost effectiveness, cost utility, and cost-benefit of an integrated care programme compared with usual care for sick listed patients with chronic low back pain

Decay Constants and Semileptonic Decays of Heavy Mesons in Relativistic Quark Model

We investigate the $B$ and $D$ mesons in the relativistic quark model by applying the variational method with the Gaussian wave function. We calculate the Fermi momentum parameter $p_{_F}$, and obtain $p_{_F} = 0.50 \sim 0.54$ GeV, which is almost independent of the input parameters, $\alpha_s$, $m_b$, $m_c$ and $m_{sp}$. We then calculate the ratio $f_B$/$f_D$, and obtain the result which is larger, by the factor of about 1.3, than $\sqrt{M_D / M_B}$ given by the naive nonrelativistic analogy. This result is in a good agreement with the recent Lattice calculations. We also calculate the ratio $(M_{B^*}-M_{B})$/$(M_{D^*}-M_{D})$. In these calculations the wave function at origin $\psi (0)$ is essential. We also determine $p_{_F}$ by comparing the theoretical prediction of the ACCMM model with the lepton energy spectrum of $B \rightarrow e \nu X$ from the recent ARGUS analysis, and find that $p_{_F}=0.27~\pm~^{0.22}_{0.27}$ GeV, when we use $m_c=1.5$ GeV. However, this experimentally determined value of $p_{_F}$ is strongly dependent on the value of input parameter $m_c$.Comment: 15 pages (Latex) (uses epsfig.sty, 1 figure appended as a uuencoded compressed ps-file

Adapting group schema therapy for older adults with personality disorders:Lessons learnt

A first empirical study into group schema therapy in older adults with mood disorders and personality disorder (PD) features has shown that brief group schema therapy has potential to decrease psychological distress and to change early maladaptive schemas (EMS). Effect sizes however were smaller than those found in similar studies in younger adults. Therefore, we set out to adapt the treatment protocol for older adults in order to enhance its feasibility and outcome in this age group. We examined this adapted protocol in 29 older adults (mean age 66 years) with PDs from four Dutch mental health institutes. The primary outcome was symptomatic distress, measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory. Secondary outcomes were measured by the Young Schema Questionnaire, the Schema Mode Inventory, and the short version of the Severity Indices of Personality Problems. Contrary to our expectations, the adapted treatment protocol yielded only a small effect size in our primary outcome, and no significant improvement in EMS, modes and personality functioning. Patients pointed out that they were more aware of their dysfunctional patterns, but maybe they had not been able yet to work on behavioural change due to this schema therapy treatment being too brief. We recommend more intensive treatment for older patients with PDs, as they might benefit from more schema therapy sessions, similar to the treatment dosage in younger PD patients. They might also benefit from a combination of group therapy and individual treatment sessions

Di-electron and two-photon widths in charmonium

The vector and pseudoscalar decay constants are calculated in the framework of the Field Correlator Method. Di-electron widths: $\Gamma_{ee}(J/\psi)=5.41$ keV, $\Gamma_{ee}(\psi'(3686))=2.47$ keV, $\Gamma_{ee}(\psi''(3770))=0.248$ keV, in good agreement with experiment, are obtained with the same coupling, $\alpha_s=0.165$, in QCD radiative corrections. We show that the larger $\alpha_s=0.191\pm 0.004$ is needed to reach agreement with experiment for $\Gamma_{\gamma\gamma}(\eta_c)=7.22$ keV, $\Gamma_{\gamma\gamma} (\chi(^3P_0))=3.3$ keV, $\Gamma_{\gamma\gamma}(\chi(^3P_2))= 0.54$ keV, and also for $\Gamma(J/\psi\to 3g)=59.5$ keV, $\Gamma(J/\psi\to \gamma 2g)=5.7$ keV. Meanwhile even larger $\alpha_s=0.238$ gives rise to good description of $\Gamma(\psi'\to 3g)=52.7$ keV, $\Gamma(\psi'\to \gamma 2g)= 3.5$ keV, and provides correct ratio of the branching fractions: $\frac{\mathcal{B}(J/\psi\to light hadrons)}{\mathcal{B}(\psi'\to light hadrons)}=0.24.$Comment: 8 pages, no figure