Superficial simplicity of the 2010 El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake of Baja California in Mexico

The geometry of faults is usually thought to be more complicated at the surface than at depth and to control the initiation, propagation and arrest of seismic ruptures. The fault system that runs from southern California into Mexico is a simple strike-slip boundary: the west side of California and Mexico moves northwards with respect to the east. However, the M_w 7.2 2010 El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake on this fault system produced a pattern of seismic waves that indicates a far more complex source than slip on a planar strike-slip fault. Here we use geodetic, remote-sensing and seismological data to reconstruct the fault geometry and history of slip during this earthquake. We find that the earthquake produced a straight 120-km-long fault trace that cut through the Cucapah mountain range and across the Colorado River delta. However, at depth, the fault is made up of two different segments connected by a small extensional fault. Both segments strike N130° E, but dip in opposite directions. The earthquake was initiated on the connecting extensional fault and 15 s later ruptured the two main segments with dominantly strike-slip motion. We show that complexities in the fault geometry at depth explain well the complex pattern of radiated seismic waves. We conclude that the location and detailed characteristics of the earthquake could not have been anticipated on the basis of observations of surface geology alone

Yoga after Stroke Leads to Multiple Physical Improvements

poster abstractMethods: Forty-seven individuals with chronic stroke were recruited and randomized 3:1 to yoga or waitlist control (usual care). The yoga group completed one hour yoga sessions twice a week for 8 weeks. Yoga was taught by a yoga therapist and included modified physical postures in seated, standing, and supine positions and included yoga breathing, bilateral movements, concluding with relaxation. Assessments before and after the 8 weeks included: flexibility via passive range of motion (PROM) for the hamstrings (HS) and active range of motion (AROM) for hip flexion, cervical rotation, and cervical lateral flexion; strength with the chair to stand and arm curl and hip flexion manual muscle test; and walking capacity with the 6 minute walk test. We compared groups with a t-test/Mann Whitney. We used paired t-tests/Wilcoxon non-parametric tests to compare baseline and 8-week data

Gut Feelings as a Third Track in General Practitioners’ Diagnostic Reasoning

BACKGROUND: General practitioners (GPs) are often faced with complicated, vague problems in situations of uncertainty that they have to solve at short notice. In such situations, gut feelings seem to play a substantial role in their diagnostic process. Qualitative research distinguished a sense of alarm and a sense of reassurance. However, not every GP trusted their gut feelings, since a scientific explanation is lacking. OBJECTIVE: This paper explains how gut feelings arise and function in GPs' diagnostic reasoning. APPROACH: The paper reviews literature from medical, psychological and neuroscientific perspectives. CONCLUSIONS: Gut feelings in general practice are based on the interaction between patient information and a GP's knowledge and experience. This is visualized in a knowledge-based model of GPs' diagnostic reasoning emphasizing that this complex task combines analytical and non-analytical cognitive processes. The model integrates the two well-known diagnostic reasoning tracks of medical decision-making and medical problem-solving, and adds gut feelings as a third track. Analytical and non-analytical diagnostic reasoning interacts continuously, and GPs use elements of all three tracks, depending on the task and the situation. In this dual process theory, gut feelings emerge as a consequence of non-analytical processing of the available information and knowledge, either reassuring GPs or alerting them that something is wrong and action is required. The role of affect as a heuristic within the physician's knowledge network explains how gut feelings may help GPs to navigate in a mostly efficient way in the often complex and uncertain diagnostic situations of general practice. Emotion research and neuroscientific data support the unmistakable role of affect in the process of making decisions and explain the bodily sensation of gut feelings.The implications for health care practice and medical education are discussed

Towards Convergence? The Europeanization of the Belgian Regional Immigrant Integration Policies

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

L'européanisation de la politique d'intégration 'belge': les instruments européens souples et leur impact

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

De Europeanisering van het 'Belgische' integratiebeleid: zachte Europese instrumenten en hun impact

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe