9,360 research outputs found
ESTIMATION OF CHLORIDES IN 1 C.C. SEA WATER SAMPLES BY MEANS OF SYRINGE PIPETTES.
abstract not availabl
Who and what works in natural mentoring?:A relational approach to improve the effectiveness of youth care
Colorectal cancer screening: From test performance to participant experience
__Abstract__
Influenza A virus is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family. The influenza A viruses are classified on the basis of antigenic properties of the glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) into 17 HA subtypes (H1-H17) and 10 NA subtypes (N1-N10) . These different subtypes of HA and NA are used in influenza A virus nomenclature, to discriminate viruses based on the surface glycoproteins (e.g. H5N1, H3N2). All subtypes with the exception of H17N10 circulate in wild birds, which are considered their natural reservoir. The H17N10 subtype has recently been isolated from bats, raising the possibility that birds are not the exclusive influenza virus reservoir. Influenza A virus is a single-stranded negative-sense segmented RNA virus, with a genome consisting of eight gene segments, that can encode up to 16 proteins (Fig 1a)
Perspective review of what is needed for molecular-specific fluorescence-guided surgery
Molecular image-guided surgery has the potential for translating the tools of molecular pathology to real-time guidance in surgery. As a whole, there are incredibly positive indicators of growth, including the first United States Food and Drug Administration clearance of an enzyme-biosynthetic-activated probe for surgery guidance, and a growing number of companies producing agents and imaging systems. The strengths and opportunities must be continued but are hampered by important weaknesses and threats within the field. A key issue to solve is the inability of macroscopic imaging tools to resolve microscopic biological disease heterogeneity and the limitations in microscopic systems matching surgery workflow. A related issue is that parsing out true molecular-specific uptake from simple-enhanced permeability and retention is hard and requires extensive pathologic analysis or multiple in vivo tests, comparing fluorescence accumulation with standard histopathology and immunohistochemistry. A related concern in the field is the over-reliance on a finite number of chosen preclinical models, leading to early clinical translation when the probe might not be optimized for high intertumor variation or intratumor heterogeneity. The ultimate potential may require multiple probes, as are used in molecular pathology, and a combination with ultrahigh-resolution imaging and image recognition systems, which capture the data at a finer granularity than is possible by the surgeon. Alternatively, one might choose a more generalized approach by developing the tracer based on generic hallmarks of cancer to create a more "one-size-fits-all" concept, similar to metabolic aberrations as exploited in fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) (i.e., Warburg effect) or tumor acidity. Finally, methods to approach the problem of production cost minimization and regulatory approvals in a manner consistent with the potential revenue of the field will be important. In this area, some solid steps have been demonstrated in the use of fluorescent labeling commercial antibodies and separately in microdosing studies with small molecules. (C) The Authors
The International Mass Loading Service
The International Mass Loading Service computes four loadings: a) atmospheric
pressure loading; b) land water storage loading; c) oceanic tidal loading; and
d) non-tidal oceanic loading. The service provides to users the mass loading
time series in three forms: 1) pre-computed time series for a list of 849 space
geodesy stations; 2) pre-computed time series on the global 1deg x 1deg grid;
and 3) on-demand Internet service for a list of stations and a time range
specified by the user. The loading displacements are provided for the time
period from 1979.01.01 through present, updated on an hourly basis, and have
latencies 8-20 hours.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the Reference
Frames for Applications in Geosciences Simposium, held in Luxemboug in
October 201
Quasi-static aberrations induced by laser guide stars in adaptive optics
Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics (LGS AO) systems use the return from an artificial guide star to measure the wavefront aberrations in the direction of the science object. We observe quasi-static differences between the measured wavefront and the wavefront aberration of the science object. This paper quantifies and explains the source of the difference between the wavefronts measured using an LGS and a natural guide star at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which can be as high as 1000 nm RMS
Single-electron tunneling in InP nanowires
We report on the fabrication and electrical characterization of field-effect
devices based on wire-shaped InP crystals grown from Au catalyst particles by a
vapor-liquid-solid process. Our InP wires are n-type doped with diameters in
the 40-55 nm range and lengths of several microns. After being deposited on an
oxidized Si substrate, wires are contacted individually via e-beam fabricated
Ti/Al electrodes. We obtain contact resistances as low as ~10 kOhm, with minor
temperature dependence. The distance between the electrodes varies between 0.2
and 2 micron. The electron density in the wires is changed with a back gate.
Low-temperature transport measurements show Coulomb-blockade behavior with
single-electron charging energies of ~1 meV. We also demonstrate energy
quantization resulting from the confinement in the wire.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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