342 research outputs found
Gaze Behavior, Believability, Likability and the iCat
The iCat is a user-interface robot with the ability to express a range of emotions through its facial features. This paper summarizes our research whether we can increase the believability and likability of the iCat for its human partners through the application of gaze behaviour. Gaze behaviour serves several functions during social interaction such as mediating conversation flow, communicating emotional information and avoiding distraction by restricting visual input. There are several types of eye and head movements that are necessary for realizing these functions. We designed and evaluated a gaze behaviour system for the iCat robot that implements realistic models of the major types of eye and head movements found in living beings: vergence, vestibulo ocular reflexive, smooth pursuit movements and gaze shifts. We discuss how these models are integrated into the software environment of the iCat and can be used to create complex interaction scenarios. We report about some user tests and draw conclusions for future evaluation scenarios
Aardappelen, varkens en de termijnhandel: De reële optietheorie toegepast
Share Options;Agricultural Sector;agricultural economics
Conjunctive Queries on Probabilistic Graphs: The Limits of Approximability
Query evaluation over probabilistic databases is a notoriously intractable
problem -- not only in combined complexity, but for many natural queries in
data complexity as well. This motivates the study of probabilistic query
evaluation through the lens of approximation algorithms, and particularly of
combined FPRASes, whose runtime is polynomial in both the query and instance
size. In this paper, we focus on tuple-independent probabilistic databases over
binary signatures, which can be equivalently viewed as probabilistic graphs. We
study in which cases we can devise combined FPRASes for probabilistic query
evaluation in this setting.
We settle the complexity of this problem for a variety of query and instance
classes, by proving both approximability and (conditional) inapproximability
results. This allows us to deduce many corollaries of possible independent
interest. For example, we show how the results of Arenas et al. on counting
fixed-length strings accepted by an NFA imply the existence of an FPRAS for the
two-terminal network reliability problem on directed acyclic graphs: this was
an open problem until now. We also show that one cannot extend the recent
result of van Bremen and Meel that gives a combined FPRAS for self-join-free
conjunctive queries of bounded hypertree width on probabilistic databases:
neither the bounded-hypertree-width condition nor the self-join-freeness
hypothesis can be relaxed. Finally, we complement all our inapproximability
results with unconditional lower bounds, showing that DNNF provenance circuits
must have at least moderately exponential size in combined complexity.Comment: 19 pages. Submitte
Audio-Visual Integration in a Redundant Target Paradigm: A Comparison between Rhesus Macaque and Man.
The mechanisms underlying multi-sensory interactions are still poorly understood despite considerable progress made since the first neurophysiological recordings of multi-sensory neurons. While the majority of single-cell neurophysiology has been performed in anesthetized or passive-awake laboratory animals, the vast majority of behavioral data stems from studies with human subjects. Interpretation of neurophysiological data implicitly assumes that laboratory animals exhibit perceptual phenomena comparable or identical to those observed in human subjects. To explicitly test this underlying assumption, we here characterized how two rhesus macaques and four humans detect changes in intensity of auditory, visual, and audio-visual stimuli. These intensity changes consisted of a gradual envelope modulation for the sound, and a luminance step for the LED. Subjects had to detect any perceived intensity change as fast as possible. By comparing the monkeys' results with those obtained from the human subjects we found that (1) unimodal reaction times differed across modality, acoustic modulation frequency, and species, (2) the largest facilitation of reaction times with the audio-visual stimuli was observed when stimulus onset asynchronies were such that the unimodal reactions would occur at the same time (response, rather than physical synchrony), and (3) the largest audio-visual reaction-time facilitation was observed when unimodal auditory stimuli were difficult to detect, i.e., at slow unimodal reaction times. We conclude that despite marked unimodal heterogeneity, similar multisensory rules applied to both species. Single-cell neurophysiology in the rhesus macaque may therefore yield valuable insights into the mechanisms governing audio-visual integration that may be informative of the processes taking place in the human brain
Labraunda and the Ptolemies: a reinterpretation of three documents from the Sanctuary of Zeus (I.Labraunda 51, 45 and 44)
This article redates and reinterprets three inscriptions from the sanctuary of Zeus at Labraunda in Karia, putting them firmly in the context of Ptolemaic domination over the sanctuary and the region. The focus of the documents is on arbitration, probably between the sanctuary and the city of Mylasa
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