Co-word Analysis using the Chinese Character Set

Until recently, Chinese texts could not be studied using co-word analysis because the words are not separated by spaces in Chinese (and Japanese). A word can be composed of one or more characters. The online availability of programs that separate Chinese texts makes it possible to analyze them using semantic maps. Chinese characters contain not only information, but also meaning. This may enhance the readability of semantic maps. In this study, we analyze 58 words which occur ten or more times in the 1652 journal titles of the China Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations Database. The word occurrence matrix is visualized and factor-analyzed

Instanton Moduli for T**3xR

We review the specific problems that arise when studying instantons on a torus. We discuss how the Nahm transformation shows that no exact charge one instanton on T**4 can exist. However, taking one of the directions (the time) to infinity, it can be shown that vacuum to vacuum tunnelling solutions exist. A precise description of the moduli space for T**3xR, studied numerically using lattice techniques, remains an interesting open problem. New is an explicit application of the Nahm transformation to (anti-)selfdual constant curvature solutions on T**4 and a discussion of its properties relevant to instantons on T**3xR.Comment: 12p with 3 figs, uufiles -gz format. Talk at the 29th Int. Symp. on the Theory of Elem. Part., Buckow, 29 Aug.-2 Sept., 1995

Proficiat!

Emiritus hoogleraar Bestuurskunde aan de Rijksuniversiteit Leiden en beschermheer van de BI

Similarities and Differences between Nurses' and Physicians' Clinical Leadership Behaviours:A Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study

Background:Being a nurse or physician in today's complex healthcare practice involves more than just responsibility for one aspect of care during one episode in a patient's care trajectory. Both professionals are expected to take on a clinical leadership role and contribute positively to the reduction of care fragmentation and help in spanning professional boundaries. Although nurses may be well placed to identify the needs for integration, they may lack the position and status (compared to physicians) to address those needs as leaders. The aim of this study is to analyse similarities and differences between nurses and physicians in clinical leadership roles within a hospital context and explore how this relates to their interdisciplinary collaborative behaviours and perception on their job. Method:A cross-sectional survey among physicians and nurses was conducted to measure clinical leadership, job satisfaction, workload, and interdisciplinary collaborative behaviours. Results:Our results suggest that nurses (n = 329) and physicians (n = 100) show similar clinical leadership behaviours, based on equivalent scores on the clinical leadership scale. However, physicians score higher on the global leadership scale indicating they are more likely to perceive themselves as leaders than nurses. As clinical leaders, both nurses and physicians are more likely to express interdisciplinary collaborative behaviours. Furthermore, physicians who scored higher on the clinical leadership scale reported higher satisfaction with their job, whereas, for nurses, their score on the clinical leadership scale did not relate to their job satisfaction. Conclusion:As nurses in hospitals have the most frequent and direct involvement with patients, it seems inevitable for them to act as clinical leaders to promote patient-centred care. However, nurses less often perceived themselves as clinical leaders while showing suitable behaviours. Future studies should focus on the strategies nurses use to exert their clinical leadership, and for example, if nurses require the use of more dominant strategies to effect change.</p