ESTUDO DA CLARIFICAÇÃO DA ÁGUA SUPERFICIAL POR MEIO DA ASSOCIAÇÃO DOS AGENTES COAGULANTES MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM E POLICLORETO DE ALUMÍNIO

Os coagulantes são amplamente utilizados no tratamento de água, porém, o estudo da associação dos coagulantes ainda é escasso. Assim, este trabalho propõe avaliar a eficiência da associação do coagulante natural Moringa oleifera Lam (M. oleifera) juntamente com o coagulante sintético policloreto de alumínio (PAC) em diferentes dosagens e pHs de coagulação, por meio da utilização de diagramas de coagulação no tratamento de água superficial. Os ensaios foram realizados em Jar Test, com água superficial proveniente da bacia do Rio Pirapó, Maringá, PR, variando-se o pH de coagulação e as dosagens de coagulantes, a fim de verificar a eficiência de remoção dos parâmetros de qualidade cor aparente, turbidez e compostos com absorção em UV254nm. Após os ensaios de coagulação/floculação e sedimentação, amostras de água tratada foram coletadas para avaliar a eficiência do processo por meio do residual obtido para os parâmetros de qualidade. Foram obtidas redução de até 40% na dosagem do coagulante sintético PAC, sem comprometer a qualidade da água produzida. Assim, a utilização de M. oleifera pode desempenhar um papel-chave na diminuição da quantidade de coagulante sintético utilizada no tratamento de água, além de ser mais compatível com as questões ambientais atuais.ABSTRACTThe coagulants are largely used in water treatment, however, the study of association of the coagulant are still scarce. This work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of natural coagulant Moringa oleifera Lam (M. oleifera) in association with coagulant polyaluminium chloride synthetic (PAC) in various dosages and coagulation pHs, using coagulation diagrams, in the treatment of surface water. The tests were performed in Jar Test with surface water from Pirapó River Basin, Maringá, PR, varying the coagulation pHs and dosages of coagulants, in order to verify the quality parameters removal efficiency: apparent color, turbidity and compounds with absorption at UV254nm. After coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation tests, treated water samples were collected to evaluate the process efficiency by the residual obtained for quality parameters. Reduction near 40% was obtained for synthetic coagulant PAC dosage, without compromising the produced water quality. Thus, the use of M. oleifera can play a key role in reducing the quantity of synthetic coagulant used in water treatment, beside to be more compatible with current environmental issues

AVALIAÇÃO DO TEMPO DE DEGRADAÇÃO DO COAGULANTE NATURAL MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM EM PÓ NO TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA SUPERFICIAL

A Moringa oleifera Lam (M. oleifera) é um biopolímero considerado como um promissor coagulante principalmente por ser natural, biodegradável, e produzir altas reduções na turbidez da água bruta. Contudo, o desempenho começa a decair a ponto de tornar o coagulante ineficiente após um certo período. Desse modo, este trabalho propõe o estudo do tempo de degradação do coagulante M. oleifera em pó, a fim de verificar se o poder coagulante é alterado em relação ao tempo de armazenamento desse produto em refrigerador. Os ensaios de coagulação/floculação e sedimentação foram realizados em Jar Test, com água bruta coletada na Sanepar, proveniente da Bacia do Rio Pirapó, Maringá, Paraná, com turbidez inicial de 80 NTU. Utilizou-se a dosagem de 50 mg.L-1 do coagulante. Para a avaliação do tempo de degradação, analisou-se a redução percentual de cor aparente, turbidez e compostos com absorção em UV254nm. Verificou-se que é interessante utilizar o coagulante durante o período de até 1 semana, pois as propriedades coagulantes tendem a diminuir com o tempo de armazenamento. Pode-se considerar que o pó das sementes de M. oleifera destaca-se como um produto sustentável bastante atrativo para a purificação da água, sendo uma alternativa ambientalmente correta.AbstractMoringa oleifera Lam (M. oleifera) is a biopolymer considered as a promising coagulant, mainly since it is natural, biodegradable, and results in high reductions of raw water turbidity. However, the performance declines after determined time and becomes the coagulant inefficient. Thus, this work aims to study the degradation time of coagulant M. oleifera powder in order to verify if the coagulating capacity changes in relation to the storage time of the product in the refrigerator. Tests of coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation were performed in Jar Test with raw water collected in Sanepar, from Pirapó River, Maringá, PR, with an initial turbidity of 80 NTU. It was used a coagulant concentration of 50 mg.L-1 . For the degradation time study, it was evaluated the percentage reduction in apparent color, turbidity and compounds with UV254nm absorption. It was observed that it is interesting to use the coagulant during for a maximum period of 1 week since coagulant properties tend to decrease with the storage time. It can be considered the dried seeds of M. oleifera stand out as a very attractive sustainable product for water purification, and represents an environmentally friendly alternative

REMOÇÃO DE MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA E MICROCISTINA EM ÁGUA EUTROFIZADA ATRAVÉS DO PROCESSO COMBINADO DE COAGULAÇÃO/FLOCULAÇÃO SEGUIDO DE NANOFILTRAÇÃO

O processo de tratamento convencional é capaz de remover as células de cianobactérias, mas são pouco eficientes na remoção das cianotoxinas, necessitando de técnicas complementares para a remoção dessa fração dissolvida. Nesse contexto, a nanofiltração apresenta-se como tecnologia eficaz na remoção de cianotoxinas. Assim, a associação dos processos de coagulação/floculação/sedimentação (C/F/S) e nanofiltração (NF), como uma sequência de tratamento para águas oriundas de ambientes eutrofizados, torna-se relevante e, desta forma, foi adotada como objeto do presente estudo. Para os testes, foi preparada uma "água sintética", utilizando água deionizada e posterior contaminação com células de Microcystisaeruginosa, para obter concentração da ordem de 106 – 107céls/mL. A metodologia adotada neste trabalho foi realizada em duas etapas: 1) processo C/F/S usando os Tanfloc SG, SL e SS como coagulantes naturais para determinação da concentração ótima do coagulante 2) processo de NF utilizando as membranas NF-90 e NF-270, com características ligeiramente distintas, na pressão de 5 bar. O desempenho do tratamento como um todo C/F/S+NF, avaliado a partir dos parâmetros físico-químicos (turbidez, cor e pH) e microbiológicos (contagem de células de cianobactéria e concentração de microcistina-LR).AbstractThe conventional treatment process is capable of removing cyanobacteria cells but are inefficient in removing cyanotoxins, requiring additional techniques for removing dissolved fraction of that. In this context, nanofiltration, is presented as a technology effective in removing cyanotoxins and, for this reason, the combination of the processes of coagulation / flocculation / sedimentation (C / F / S) and nanofiltration (NF), as a result of treatment for waters originating from eutrophic environments, it becomes wide relevance, having been adopted as the object of this study. For the tests was prepared a "synthetic water", using deionized water and subsequent contamination with cells from Microcystisaeruginosa, to obtain concentration in the range 106-107 cells / mL. The methodology adopted in this study was performed in two steps: 1) Case C / F / S using Tanfloc SG, SL and SS as natural coagulants for determining the optimum concentration of coagulant 2) process using NF membranes NF-90 and NF -270 with slightly different characteristics, at a pressure of 5 bar. The performance of the treatment as a whole C / F / S + NF was evaluated from the physico-chemical parameters (turbidity, color and pH) and microbial (cyanobacterial cell counts and concentration of microcystin-LR)

Coagulation diagram using the Moringa oleifera Lam and the aluminium sulphate, aiming the removal of color and turbidity of water - doi: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v35i3.12268

This work suggests the study of the coagulation diagram as a tool to verify the efficiency in removing color and turbidity of the water, using the Moringa oleifera Lam and the association of this biopolymer with the aluminium sulphate as coagulating agents. The assays were carried out in Jar Test, by varying the concentrations of coagulants and pH of coagulation. After the assays of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation, samples were collected for the evaluation of the process efficiency. Best results were obtained at dose of 50 ppm of Moringa oleifera Lam. When associating the coagulants, the addition of the aluminium sulphate provided an increase in the efficiency of coagulation/flocculation, whose parameters of control used were color and turbidity. It was verified that the study of the coagulation diagram is useful, since it enables developing the assays in the optimal range, as a function of the raw water characteristics. The use of the Moringa oleifera Lam can be considered as an alternative technique to the conventional treatment.

Legislative Documents

Also, variously referred to as: House bills; House documents; House legislative documents; legislative documents; General Court documents

Moringa oleifera Lam. and Its Potential Association with Aluminium Sulphate in the Process of Coagulation/Flocculation and Sedimentation of Surface Water

The present study aims to optimize the operational conditions in surface water coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation step, besides evaluating the association between seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera) and the synthetic coagulant aluminium sulphate for surface water treatment. The assays were performed in Jar Test using surface water from Pirapó River basin, Maringá, PR. It was observed that the operational conditions affect the coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation process efficiency. Optimal operational conditions for coagulants association are as follows: rapid mixing velocity (RMV) of 105 rpm, rapid mixing times (RMT) of 1 min, slow mixing velocity (SMV) of 30 rpm, slow mixing times (SMT) of 15 min, and sedimentation time (ST) of 15 min; this enables an improvement in the process, contributing to a reduction in synthetic coagulant aluminium sulphate demand of up to 30%, combined with an increase in M. oleifera dosage, not affecting the coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation process efficiency, considering the water pH range between 7 and 9