Twisted Tensor Products of Kn with Km

We find three families of twisting maps of Km with Kn, where K is a field, and we make a detailed study of its properties. One of them is related to truncated quiver algebras, the second one consists of deformations of the first and the third one requires m = n and yields algebras isomorphic to Mn(K).Fil: Arce, Jack. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Sección Matemáticas; PerúFil: Guccione, Jorge Alberto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemática; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló"; ArgentinaFil: Guccione, Juan Jose. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemática; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Argentino de Matemática Alberto Calderón; ArgentinaFil: Valqui, Christian. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Sección Matemáticas; Perú. Instituto de Matemática y Ciencias Afines; Per

Old divergence and restricted gene flow between torrent duck ( Merganetta armata ) subspecies in the Central and Southern Andes

Aim: To investigate the structure and rate of gene flow among populations of habitat‐specialized species to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes underpinning their population dynamics and historical demography, including speciation and extinction.Location: Peruvian and Argentine Andes.Taxon: Two subspecies of torrent duck (Merganetta armata).Methods: We sampled 156 individuals in Peru (M. a. leucogenis; Chillón River, n = 57 and Pachachaca River, n = 49) and Argentina (M. a. armata; Arroyo Grande River, n = 33 and Malargüe River, n = 17), and sequenced the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region to conduct coarse and fine‐scale demographic analyses of population structure. Additionally, to test for differences between subspecies, and across genetic markers with distinct inheritance patterns, a subset of individuals (Peru, n = 10 and Argentina, n = 9) was subjected to partial genome resequencing, obtaining 4,027 autosomal and 189 Z‐linked double‐digest restriction‐associated DNA sequences.Results: Haplotype and nucleotide diversities were higher in Peru than Argentinaacross all markers. Peruvian and Argentine subspecies showed concordant species‐level differences (ΦST mtDNA= 0.82;ΦST autosomal = 0.30;ΦST Z chromosome = 0.45),including no shared mtDNA haplotypes. Demographic parameters estimated formtDNA using IM and IMa2 analyses, and for autosomal markers using ∂a∂i (isolation‐with‐migration model), supported an old divergence (mtDNA = 600,000 years before present (ybp), 95% HPD range = 1.2 Mya to 200,000 ybp; and autosomal ∂a∂i = 782,490 ybp), between the two subspecies, characteristic of deeply divergedlineages. The populations were well‐differentiated in Argentina but moderately differentiated in Peru, with low unidirectional gene flow in each country.Main conclusions: We suggest that the South American Arid Diagonal was preexisting and remains a current phylogeographic barrier between the ranges of the two torrent duck subspecies, and the adult territoriality and breeding site fidelity to the rivers define their population structure.Fil: Alza, Luis. University of Alaska; Estados Unidos. University of Miami. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos. División de Ornitología. Centro de Ornitología y Diversidad; PerúFil: Lavretsky, Philip. University of Texas at El Paso; Estados UnidosFil: Peters, Jeffrey L.. Wright State University; Estados UnidosFil: Cerón, Gerardo. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Departamento de Zoología. Laboratorio de Parasitología; ArgentinaFil: Smith, Matthew. University of Alaska; Estados UnidosFil: Kopuchian, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, División Ornitología,; ArgentinaFil: Astié, Andrea Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: McCracken, Kevin G.. División de Ornitología. Centro de Ornitología y Diversidad; Perú. University of Miami. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos. University of Miami; Estados Unidos. University of Alaska; Estados Unido

Visitor presence and a changing soundscape, alongside environmental parameters, can predict enclosure usage in captive flamingos

This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this recordData availability statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Raw data from this project are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.The sound environment of a zoo animal is a complex milieu of animal and human‐generated sounds; coming from the species itself, other species, visitors, keepers and other zoo‐users. Research determining how different components of the sound environment affect animal behaviour is surprisingly lacking but could have real‐world impacts for animal welfare and zoo enclosure design. The current study investigated the effects of the sound environment on two flocks of flamingos housed in open‐air enclosures at British zoos. Measures of how each flock used its enclosure (as a response variable) and environmental variables (Inband Power and Peak Frequency were recorded as characteristics of the sound environment, as well as temperature, humidity and cloud cover, and finally visitor presence—all as potential predictor variables) were made over a 2‐month period. Assessment of space use by zoo animals is often used as a measure of the appropriateness of an exhibit and to understand welfare. Given that flamingo activity is influenced by weather and that the sound environment of the zoo is likely to be influenced by the number and the presence of visitors, it was assumed that these predictor variables would influence where the flamingos were located at different times of the day. As expected, there was a complicated relationship between enclosure use and Inband Power (average spectral density, a measure of sound energy) in both flocks; visitors generated salient sound but other visitor characteristics such as their physical presence may have impacted the movement of the birds around their enclosures. Results show a complex picture where environmental conditions influence flamingo enclosure usage as well as visitor presence and sounds around/in the enclosure. Findings are not consistent between the two flocks, with one flock demonstrating distinct temporal change to enclosure zone occupancy and the other responsive to humidity and cloud cover variation. We believe enclosure use can provide a valuable indication of how birds react to their soundscape; however, our findings suggest more work is needed to unpick the components of captive sound environments, and their relative effects on how animals use their space.Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC

Vocalizations, Distribution, and Ecology of the Cloud-Forest Screech Owl (Megascops marshalli)

The poorly known Cloud-forest Screech Owl (Megascops marshalli) is a Peruvian endemic known from only two localities, and its vocalizations have not been documented. We report the first Bolivian specimen and sound-recordings, an analysis of the species' longsong in comparison with other brown-eyed Andean screech owls, and discuss its distribution, natural history, ecological relationships with sympatric congeners, and conservation status. Longsongs were most similar to those of the allopatric Cinnamon Screech Owl (M. petersoni) in northern Peru and Ecuador. Principal component analysis of four vocal characters identified: (1) notable overlap between the two species; (2) some overlap of the Cloud-forest Screech Owl with Ecuadorian, but not with sympatric Bolivian populations of the Rufescent Screech Owl (M. ingens); and (3) considerable, evidently clinal geographic variation in the Rufescent Screech Owl. Divergence in vocal characteristics between the Cloud-forest Screech Owl in Bolivia and other species decreased with increasing geographic distance. The Cloud-forest Screech Owl is now known from six localities from Departamento Pasco, Peru, south to Departamento Cochabamba, Bolivia, and has a disjunct distribution with four subpopulations and an overall extent of occurrence of 12,700 km2. Its preferred habitat is pristine to at most slightly disturbed wet montane forest with high structural complexity, dense understory, and abundant epiphytes. It has been recorded at altitudes of 1,550–2,580 m, but locally its altitudinal range is 500 m, where it is narrowly syntopic with Rufescent Screech Owl at its lower and White-throated Screech Owl (M. albogularis) at its upper terminus. Narrowly overlapping altitudinal replacement in Andean Megascops taxa combined with variable location of replacement zones depending on local ecoclimatic conditions suggest that species' distributions are primarily maintained by exclusion via interspecific competition. The Cloud-forest Screech Owl is currently properly listed as Near Threatened, but further research may show it is more appropriately categorized as Vulnerable. Sebastian K. Herzog, Steven R. Ewing, Karl L. Evans, Aidan MacCormick, Thomas Valqui, Rosalind Bryce, Michael Kessler, and Ross MacLeo