Effect of exercise therapy on males with hypogonadism treated with testosterone replacement therapy

The aim of the research is to assess the effect of exercise therapy on males with hypogonadism treated with testosterone replacement therapy. Objectives: 1. To determine changes in body weight components resulting from a six-month programme of exercise therapy. 2. To compare the body weight components in males with hypogonadism and healthy males before and after exercise therapy. 3. To determine changes in physical parameters (parameters achieved during jumping tasks: strength, power, speed, altitude, relative power, and the ellipse area of body centre pressure) in males with hypogonadism resulting from a six-month programme of exercise therapy programme. 4. To compare the changes in physical parameters (indicators achieved during jumping tasks: strength, power, speed, altitude, relative power, and the ellipse area of body centre pressure) in males with hypogonadism and healthy males before and after exercise therapy. Subjects: 38 males including 18 males with hypogonadism and 20 healthy males. Research design: males with hypogonadism were arranged into two subgroups: 8 men were treated with testosterone replacement therapy combined with exercise therapy for 6 months (2/60-minute sessions per week), 10 men were given testosterone replacement therapy only: 3 times per 6 months, i.e. every 8 weeks they received Nebido 1000 mg/4 ml injections. Research methods: 1. International Physical Activity Questionnaire to obtain estimates of physical activity. 2. X – SCAN for body composition analysis: height, body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, body fat mass, lean mass, and waist-to-hip ratio. 3 Mechanography (maximum strength, maximum power, maximum speed, maximum altitude, and relative power during a jump). 4. Stabilometry for ellipse area of the centre of body pressure. Conclusions: 1. As a result of the 6-month exercise therapy in males with hypogonadism treated with testosterone replacement therapy, their lean body mass increased, while the body fat percentage, body fat mass, and waist-to-hip ratio decreased (p≤0,05). 2. As a result of the testosterone replacement therapy combined with exercise therapy, the differences in body composition parameters between males with hypogonadism and healthy males ceased to exist. 3. As a result of the 6-month exercise therapy in males with hypogonadism treated with testosterone replacement therapy, physical parameters improved (p≤0,05) (the strength, power, speed, altitude, and relative power achieved during jumping tasks improved while the ellipse area of body centre pressure deflections decreased (p≤0,05) 4. As a result of the testosterone replacement therapy combined with exercise therapy, the differences in physical parameters (the maximum strength, power, speed, altitude. relative power, and some differences in the ellipse area of the body centre pressure) between males with hypogonadism and healthy males no longer existe

Changes in endurance of spinal muscles' strength and spine mobility using kinesitheraphy method for adolescents with Scheuermann's disease and postural kyphosis

Šauermano ligai ir kifozinei laikysenai būdinga kliniškai ir rentgenologiškai padidėjusi krūtininė kifozė, o Šauermano ligos atveju rentgenogramose matomi stuburo slankstelių pakitimai. Vaikai ar paaugliai, kuriems diagnozuojama kifozinė laikysena ar Šauermano liga, dažniausiai gydomi taikant kineziterapiją. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti Šauermano liga sergančių ir kifozinės laikysenos paauglių stuburo paslankumą, pilvo ir nugaros tiesiamųjų raumenų dinaminės ir izometrinės jėgos ištvermės rodiklius prieš kineziterapiją ir po jos. Tyrimas atliktas vaikų reabilitacijos centre. Tyrime dalyvavo 30 paauglių, 15 paauglių, sergančių Šauermano liga, ir 15 paauglių, kuriems nustatyta kifozinė laikysena. Visi tiriamieji 22 dienas, po 40 minučių kasdien, atliko jiems sudarytos individualios kineziterapijos programos pratimus. Vaikai, sergantys Šauermano liga, pratimus atliko reabilitacijos centre, prižiūrimi kineziterapeuto, o kifozinės laikysenos vaikai buvo išmokyti pratimus atlikti namuose. Pastarieji atliko pratimus, stiprinančius nugaros, pilvo, mentės pritraukiamuosius raumenis, taip pat krūtinės ir užpakalinės šlaunų dalies raumenų tempimo pratimus. Visi tiriamieji buvo tiriami 2 kartus: prieš kineziterapiją ir po jos. Tyrimo metodai: stuburo paslankumas (Šobero mėginys), pilvo ir nugaros tiesiamųjų raumenų dinaminės ir izometrinės jėgos ištvermė. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad paslankumas didesnis tarp kifozinės laikysenos tiriamųjų, tačiau raumenų jėgos ištvermė, taikant kineziterapiją, patikimai labiau didėjo tarp sergančiųjų Šauermano liga. Išvada: grupinės, sistemingos ir ilgalaikės kineziterapijos pratybos teigiamai veikia Šauermano liga sergančius ir kifozinės laikysenos paauglius.An increase of thoracic kyphosis in children and adolescents is usually the result of postural kyphosis (postural round back) or Scheuermann‘s kyphosis (Scheuermann‘s disease, juvenile osteochondrosis, juvenile kyphosis). Although no structural deformity of the spine is observed in postural kyphosis, wedging of vertebral bodies and disc space narrowing are noted radiologically in patients with Scheuermann‘s kyphosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the parametres of the spine, to find out the changes of dynamic and isometric abdominal muscle endurance, dynamic and isometric back extensor muscle endurance in adolescents with Scheuermann disease and those who have postural kyphosis. The study was done in children’s rehabilitation center. The study involved 30 adolescents, 15 adolescent patients with Scheuermann disease and 15 who have postural kyphosis. All subjects for 22 days, followed by 40 minutes each day are made up of individual physiotherapy program of exercises. Fifteen with Scheuermann’s disease went for physiotherapy in rehabilitation center. The other fifteen with postural kyphosis did the same exercise programm at home. They strengthened the muscles of back, abdomen, scapula in dynamic and isometric way and stretched back, breast and hamstring muscles. All subjects were tested two times: before and after physical therapy. Methods. Spine flexibility measurement (Schober’s sign), tests for evaluating the strength of dynamic and isometric abdominal and back extensor muscle endurance. Results. Patients with postural kyphosis have bigger mobility, but endurance of muscle strength increased more for the patients with Scheuermann‘s disease using physiotherapy. Conclusion. Specific, systematic and long-term physiotherapy positive effect patients with Scheuermann disease and postural kyphosis

Normal weight 6–12 years boys demonstrate better cognitive function and aerobic fitness compared to overweight peers

Background and Objectives: This study evaluated and compared the cognitive function (CF) and aerobic fitness (AF) of 15 normal-weight (NW) and 15 overweight (OW) children, aged 6–12 years. In addition, the relationship between CF and AF was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The ANAM4 battery was used to evaluate CF, and a constant treadmill walking exercise (6 km/h for 6 min) and a progressive treadmill exercise (modified Balke test) were used to assess pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2). Results: The OW children displayed worse attention and visual tracking (88.95 ± 4.45% and 93.75 ± 3.16%), response inhibition (90.27 ± 1.54% and 93.67 ± 2%), and speed of processing (93.65 ± 1.5% and 94.4 ± 1.54%) than the NW children (p < 0.05). The VO2 max was higher and the time constant of VO2 kinetics was shorter in NW children (56.23 ± 3.53 mL/kg/min and 21.73 ± 1.57 s, respectively) than in OW children (45.84 ± 1.89 mL/kg/min and 33.46 ± 2.9 s, respectively; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The OW children aged 6–12 years demonstrated poorer CF and lower AF than their NW peers. An association between AF and CF indicators was identified in both groups

The Effect of physiotherapy in addition to testosterone replacement therapy on the efficiency of the motor system in men with hypogonadism

Background and Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the addition of physiotherapy to testosterone replacement therapy provides added benefit in improving functional capacity of the motor system in men with hypogonadism. Material and Methods. The study involved 3 groups of subjects: group 1, healthy men (n=20); group 2, men with hypogonadism who underwent testosterone replacement therapy with physiotherapy (TRT+PT) (n=8); and group 3, men with hypogonadism who underwent testosterone replacement therapy alone (TRT) (n=10). Physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ]) and body composition (X-SCAN analysis) were analyzed; the vertical jump test (Leonardo Mechanography®) was applied. Results. The application of testosterone replacement therapy together with physiotherapy for 6 months significantly increased the maximum and relative power of jump in the subjects in the TRT+PT group; however, in the TRT group, no statistically significant difference was observed. The maximum jump height for the subjects in the TRT+PT group significantly increased 6 months after the intervention; however, in the TRT group, this index remained unaltered. The lean body mass of the subjects in the TRT+PT group increased (P<0.05); however, in the TRT group, it did not change. The relative fat body mass in the TRT+PT group decreased significantly (P<0.05), but, in the TRT group, it had a tendency to increase, though insignificantly. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the application of testosterone replacement therapy together with physiotherapy (1 hour twice weekly) in men with hypogonadism may lead to earlier and better results in comparison with testosterone replacement therapy applied alone

The Effect of physiotherapy in addition to testosterone replacement therapy on the efficiency of the motor system in men with hypogonadism

Background and Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the addition of physiotherapy to testosterone replacement therapy provides added benefit in improving functional capacity of the motor system in men with hypogonadism. Material and Methods. The study involved 3 groups of subjects: group 1, healthy men (n=20); group 2, men with hypogonadism who underwent testosterone replacement therapy with physiotherapy (TRT+PT) (n=8); and group 3, men with hypogonadism who underwent testosterone replacement therapy alone (TRT) (n=10). Physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ]) and body composition (X-SCAN analysis) were analyzed; the vertical jump test (Leonardo Mechanography®) was applied. Results. The application of testosterone replacement therapy together with physiotherapy for 6 months significantly increased the maximum and relative power of jump in the subjects in the TRT+PT group; however, in the TRT group, no statistically significant difference was observed. The maximum jump height for the subjects in the TRT+PT group significantly increased 6 months after the intervention; however, in the TRT group, this index remained unaltered. The lean body mass of the subjects in the TRT+PT group increased (P<0.05); however, in the TRT group, it did not change. The relative fat body mass in the TRT+PT group decreased significantly (P<0.05), but, in the TRT group, it had a tendency to increase, though insignificantly. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the application of testosterone replacement therapy together with physiotherapy (1 hour twice weekly) in men with hypogonadism may lead to earlier and better results in comparison with testosterone replacement therapy applied alone