20 research outputs found
Application of high-throughput screening techniques to drug discovery
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Child and adolescent psychiatry training in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Chile: current panorama and future challenges
Mental disorders affect approximately 10-15% of children and adolescents worldwide. In South America these numbers are probably higher due to poverty and adverse life events that frequently affect this region. The availability of qualified services and well-trained professionals to care for those children are by far insufficient. The aim of this study was to assess and describe child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) training in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, to support the development and strengthen training standards. The coordinators of CAP residency programs in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile were invited to answer an online questionnaire about the characteristics of their training programs. Twelve programs from Brazil, three programs from Chile, two from Argentina, and one from Uruguay completed the questionnaires. In the last three countries, CAP is recognized as an independent specialty, while in Brazil it is considered a subspecialty of psychiatry. None of the countries have a national guideline for CAP residency training. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of professionals interested in pursuing a formal CAP training. This is the first study aiming to evaluate the current scenario of CAP training in South America. The results point to a great potential in the evaluated programs, but also to the need for homogeneous criteria for CAP training and evaluation of residents. A more efficient communication among programs would be an enriching strategy for their development, which may be facilitated by the results of this study718
Variations in planning fixed bridgework — a group of dentists at a case-based postgraduate cours
Combinatorial library design: using a multiobjective genetic algorithm
Early results from screening combinatorial libraries have been disappointing with libraries either failing to deliver the improved hit rates that were expected or resulting in hits with characteristics that make them undesirable as lead compounds. Consequently, the focus in library design has shifted toward designing libraries that are optimized on multiple properties simultaneously, for example, diversity and druglike physicochemical properties. Here we describe the program MoSELECT that is based on a multiobjective genetic algorithm and which is able to suggest a family of solutions to multiobjective library design where all the solutions are equally valid and each represents a different compromise between the objectives. MoSELECT also allows the relationships between the different objectives to be explored with competing objectives easily identified. The library designer can then make an informed choice on which solution(s) to explore. Various performance characteristics of MoSELECT are reported based on a number of different combinatorial libraries
Source partitioning of H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes based on high-frequency eddy covariance data: a comparison between study sites
For an assessment of the roles of soil and vegetation in the
climate system, a further understanding of the flux components of
H2O and CO2 (e.g., transpiration, soil respiration) and
their interaction with physical conditions and physiological functioning of
plants and ecosystems is necessary. To obtain magnitudes of these flux
components, we applied source partitioning approaches after Scanlon and
Kustas (2010; SK10) and after Thomas et al. (2008; TH08) to high-frequency
eddy covariance measurements of 12Â study sites covering different
ecosystems (croplands, grasslands, and forests) in different climatic
regions. Both partitioning methods are based on higher-order statistics of
the H2O and CO2 fluctuations, but proceed differently to
estimate transpiration, evaporation, net primary production, and soil
respiration. We compared and evaluated the partitioning results obtained with
SK10 and TH08, including slight modifications of both approaches. Further, we
analyzed the interrelations among the performance of the partitioning
methods, turbulence characteristics, and site characteristics (such as plant
cover type, canopy height, canopy density, and measurement height). We were
able to identify characteristics of a data set that are prerequisites for
adequate performance of the partitioning methods.
SK10 had the tendency to overestimate and TH08 to underestimate soil flux
components. For both methods, the partitioning of CO2 fluxes was
less robust than for H2O fluxes. Results derived with SK10 showed
relatively large dependencies on estimated water use efficiency (WUE) at the
leaf level, which is a required input. Measurements of outgoing longwave
radiation used for the estimation of foliage temperature (used in WUE) could
slightly increase the quality of the partitioning results. A modification of
the TH08 approach, by applying a cluster analysis for the conditional
sampling of respiration–evaporation events, performed satisfactorily, but did
not result in significant advantages compared to the original method versions
developed by Thomas et al. (2008). The performance of each partitioning
approach was dependent on meteorological conditions, plant development,
canopy height, canopy density, and measurement height. Foremost, the
performance of SK10 correlated negatively with the ratio between measurement
height and canopy height. The performance of TH08 was more dependent on
canopy height and leaf area index. In general, all site characteristics that
increase dissimilarities between scalars appeared to enhance partitioning
performance for SK10 and TH08.</p