15,759 research outputs found
National evaluation of the neighbourhood nurseries: impact report
This study assessed the impact of NNI on parental employment, use of formal childcare, and take-up of benefits and tax credits, particularly for disadvantaged groups such as lone parents, low income families and ethnic minority groups
Hydrodynamic fluctuations in relativistic superfluids
The Hamiltonian formulation of superfluids based on noncanonical Poisson
brackets is studied in detail. The assumption that the momentum density is
proportional to the flow of the conserved energy is shown to lead to the
covariant relativistic theory previously suggested by Khalatnikov, Lebedev and
Carter, and some potentials in this theory are given explicitly. We discuss
hydrodynamic fluctuations in the presence of dissipative effects and we derive
the corresponding set of hydrodynamic correlation functions. Kubo relations for
the transport coefficients are obtained.Comment: 13 pages, no figures, two references adde
Effective penetration length and interstitial vortex pinning in superconducting films with regular arrays of defects
In order to compare magnetic and non-magnetic pinning we have nanostructured
two superconducting films with regular arrays of pinning centers: Cu
(non-magnetic) dots in one case, and Py (magnetic) dots in the other. For low
applied magnetic fields, when all the vortices are pinned in the artificial
inclusions, magnetic dots prove to be better pinning centers, as has been
generally accepted. Unexpectedly, when the magnetic field is increased and
interstitial vortices appear, the results are very different: we show how the
stray field generated by the magnetic dots can produce an effective reduction
of the penetration length. This results in strong consequences in the transport
properties, which, depending on the dot separation, can lead to an enhancement
or worsening of the transport characteristics. Therefore, the election of the
magnetic or non-magnetic character of the pinning sites for an effective
reduction of dissipation will depend on the range of the applied magnetic
field.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Classical realization of two-site Fermi-Hubbard systems
A classical wave optics realization of the two-site Hubbard model, describing
the dynamics of interacting fermions in a double-well potential, is proposed
based on light transport in evanescently-coupled optical waveguides.Comment: 4 page
Dynamics of formation and decay of coherence in a polariton condensate
We study the dynamics of formation and decay of a condensate of microcavity
polaritons. We investigate the relationship between the number of particles,
the emission's linewidth and its degree of linear polarization which serves as
the order parameter. Tracking the condensate's formation, we show that, even
when interactions are negligible, coherence is not determined only by
occupation of the ground state. As a result of the competition between the
coherent and thermal fractions of the condensate, the highest coherence is
obtained some time after the particle number has reached its maximum
Parity Violation in Aharonov-Bohm Systems: The Spontaneous Hall Effect
We show how macroscopic manifestations of (and ) symmetry breaking can
arise in a simple system subject to Aharonov-Bohm interactions. Specifically,
we study the conductivity of a gas of charged particles moving through a dilute
array of flux tubes. The interaction of the electrons with the flux tubes is
taken to be of a purely Aharonov-Bohm type. We find that the system exhibits a
non-zero transverse conductivity, i.e., a spontaneous Hall effect. This is in
contrast with the fact that the cross sections for both scattering and
bremsstrahlung (soft photon emission) of a single electron from a flux tube are
invariant under reflections. We argue that the asymmetry in the conductivity
coefficients arises from many-body effects. On the other hand, the transverse
conductivity has the same dependence on universal constants that appears in the
Quantum Hall Effect, a result that we relate to the validity of the Mean Field
approximation.Comment: 12 pages (4 figures available upon request), RevTex, EHU-FT-93/1
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