8 research outputs found
Difficile transition au préscolaire d'enfants de milieux défavorisés : illustration d'une approche interactionnelle et orientée vers les solutions
Ce rapport fait état d'un stage réalisé dans une classe de maternelle d'un milieu défavorisé. Le problÚme à l'origine de cette démarche concerne la difficulté de certains enfants à s'adapter à leur nouvel environnement, l'école. Une recension d'écrits permet de bien cerner ce problÚme et les approches interactionnelle et orientée vers les solutions ont été choisies pour y pallier. S'appuyant sur celles-ci, une démarche systématique d'intervention a été élaborée et ensuite expérimentée auprÚs d'un élÚve reconnu pour ses difficultés multiples et importantes. Cette intervention est présentée en détail, ce qui permet d'illustrer la pertinence de ces approches pour un enseignant du préscolaire et du primaire
SynthĂšse des facteurs externes qui influencent la capacitĂ© des ergothĂ©rapeutes Ă agir en tant quâagents de changement
Introduction. Afin de stimuler, voire rĂ©aliser des changements favorisant le bien-ĂȘtre, la santĂ© et la justice occupationnelle, on sollicite de plus en plus le rĂŽle dâagent de changement (AC) en ergothĂ©rapie. Les facteurs internes essentiels Ă ce rĂŽle ont dĂ©jĂ Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s. Cependant, aucun portrait complet des facteurs externes pouvant influencer son actualisation nâest Ă ce jour disponible. Un tel portrait pourrait pourtant appuyer les ergothĂ©rapeutes dĂ©sirant agir comme AC. Cette Ă©tude vise donc Ă
documenter les facteurs externes influençant la capacitĂ© des ergothĂ©rapeutes dâagir en tant quâAC.
MĂ©thode. Reposant sur une stratĂ©gie validĂ©e et inspirĂ©e des Ă©tudes de portĂ©e dâArksey et OâMalley (2005), une recension des Ă©crits a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e dans quatre
banques de donnĂ©es jusquâau 1er fĂ©vrier 2021. Une cote de niveau de preuve scientifique a Ă©tĂ© attribuĂ©e Ă chaque Ă©crit retenu. Les donnĂ©es contextuelles et qualitatives ont Ă©tĂ© extraites et analysĂ©es par statistiques descriptives et par thĂšmes.
Résultats. Des 739 articles repérés, 26 ont été sélectionnés, dont la plupart étaient théoriques. Trois facteurs sociaux et deux facteurs institutionnels ont été identifiés,
respectivement : les regroupements professionnels, la position hiérarchique et les relations avec les acteurs du milieu ; et la formation universitaire et les
caractéristiques du systÚme de santé. La culture organisationnelle et les modÚles conceptuels ont été reconnus comme facteurs culturels et les outils et les ressources, comme facteur physique.
Conclusion. Par sa synthĂšse des facteurs externes, cet article peut soutenir la formation des futurs professionnels et contribuer ainsi Ă une optimisation de la pratique du rĂŽle dâAC en ergothĂ©rapie.
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Introduction. To stimulate and even achieve changes that promote well-being, health
and occupational justice, the role of change agent (CA) in occupational therapy is increasingly being called upon. The internal factors essential to this role have already been identified. However, no complete picture of the external factors that may influence its actualization is available to date. Such a picture could support occupational therapists who wish to act as CAs. The purpose of this study is therefore to document the external factors influencing the ability of occupational therapists to
act as CAs.
Method. Based on a validated strategy inspired by the scoping studies of Arksey and
OâMalley (2005), a literature review was conducted in four databases through February 1, 2021. A rating of level of scientific evidence was assigned to each selected literature. Contextual and qualitative data were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.
Results. Of the 739 articles identified, 26 were selected, most of which were theoretical. Three social and two institutional factors were identified, respectively: professional groups, hierarchical position, and relationships with stakeholders; and academic background and health system characteristics. Organizational culture and conceptual models were identified as cultural factors and tools and resources as a physical factor.
Conclusion. Through its synthesis of external factors, this article can support the education of future professionals and thus contribute to an optimization of the practice of the CA role in occupational therapy
SynthĂšse des facteurs externes qui influencent la capacitĂ© des ergothĂ©rapeutes Ă agir en tant quâagents de changement
Introduction. Afin de stimuler, voire rĂ©aliser des changements favorisant le bien-ĂȘtre, la santĂ© et la justice occupationnelle, on sollicite de plus en plus le rĂŽle dâagent de changement (AC) en ergothĂ©rapie. Les facteurs internes essentiels Ă ce rĂŽle ont dĂ©jĂ Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s. Cependant, aucun portrait complet des facteurs externes pouvant influencer son actualisation nâest Ă ce jour disponible. Un tel portrait pourrait pourtant appuyer les ergothĂ©rapeutes dĂ©sirant agir comme AC. Cette Ă©tude vise donc Ă
documenter les facteurs externes influençant la capacitĂ© des ergothĂ©rapeutes dâagir en tant quâAC.
MĂ©thode. Reposant sur une stratĂ©gie validĂ©e et inspirĂ©e des Ă©tudes de portĂ©e dâArksey et OâMalley (2005), une recension des Ă©crits a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e dans quatre
banques de donnĂ©es jusquâau 1er fĂ©vrier 2021. Une cote de niveau de preuve scientifique a Ă©tĂ© attribuĂ©e Ă chaque Ă©crit retenu. Les donnĂ©es contextuelles et qualitatives ont Ă©tĂ© extraites et analysĂ©es par statistiques descriptives et par thĂšmes.
Résultats. Des 739 articles repérés, 26 ont été sélectionnés, dont la plupart étaient théoriques. Trois facteurs sociaux et deux facteurs institutionnels ont été identifiés,
respectivement : les regroupements professionnels, la position hiérarchique et les relations avec les acteurs du milieu ; et la formation universitaire et les
caractéristiques du systÚme de santé. La culture organisationnelle et les modÚles conceptuels ont été reconnus comme facteurs culturels et les outils et les ressources, comme facteur physique.
Conclusion. Par sa synthĂšse des facteurs externes, cet article peut soutenir la formation des futurs professionnels et contribuer ainsi Ă une optimisation de la pratique du rĂŽle dâAC en ergothĂ©rapie.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Introduction. To stimulate and even achieve changes that promote well-being, health
and occupational justice, the role of change agent (CA) in occupational therapy is increasingly being called upon. The internal factors essential to this role have already been identified. However, no complete picture of the external factors that may influence its actualization is available to date. Such a picture could support occupational therapists who wish to act as CAs. The purpose of this study is therefore to document the external factors influencing the ability of occupational therapists to
act as CAs.
Method. Based on a validated strategy inspired by the scoping studies of Arksey and
OâMalley (2005), a literature review was conducted in four databases through February 1, 2021. A rating of level of scientific evidence was assigned to each selected literature. Contextual and qualitative data were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.
Results. Of the 739 articles identified, 26 were selected, most of which were theoretical. Three social and two institutional factors were identified, respectively: professional groups, hierarchical position, and relationships with stakeholders; and academic background and health system characteristics. Organizational culture and conceptual models were identified as cultural factors and tools and resources as a physical factor.
Conclusion. Through its synthesis of external factors, this article can support the education of future professionals and thus contribute to an optimization of the practice of the CA role in occupational therapy
Compatibilité physique par évaluation visuelle du salbutamol injectable lors de son administration en Y
RĂ©sumĂ© Objectifs : La compatibilitĂ© physique du salbutaÂmol injectable administrĂ© en Y avec plusieurs mĂ©diÂcaments injectables frĂ©quemment utilisĂ©s aux soins intensifs a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e afin de guider les pharmaciens dans leurs recommandations. MĂ©thodologie : Le mĂ©dicament de rĂ©fĂ©rence est mĂ©langĂ© avec chacun des 65 mĂ©dicaments testĂ©s, puis une Ă©valuation visuelle de la stabilitĂ© physique est faite aprĂšs 0 min, 15 min, 1 h et 4 h. Aucune diluÂtion nâest faite dans le but de simuler les pires condiÂtions dâadministration, soit les plus grandes concenÂtrations possibles. RĂ©sultats : Aucune incompatibilitĂ© physique nâa Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e pour 39 des mĂ©dicaments testĂ©s. Une incompatibilitĂ© physique a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e pour les 26 autres mĂ©dicaments, soit 40 % de tous les mĂ©dicaÂments testĂ©s. Conclusion : Les cas dâincompatibilitĂ©s physiques grossiĂšres entre le salbutamol et les mĂ©dicaments frĂ©quemment utilisĂ©s aux soins intensifs ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s. Lâadministration en Y de ces mĂ©dicaments devra ĂȘtre Ă©vitĂ©e en clinique. Abstract Objectives: The physical compatibility of salbutamol administered via Y site with several injectable drugs commonly used in the intensive care unit was evaluated in order to guide pharmacist recommendations. Methods: The reference drug was mixed with each of 65 other drugs. This was followed by visual evaluation of physical stability after 0 minutes, 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours. No dilutions were made so that worst-case administration conditions were simulated, since the highest possible concentrations were used. Results: No physical incompatibilities were observed for 39 of the tested drugs. Physical incompatibility was observed for the 26 other drugs, which were 40% of all tested drugs. Conclusion: Cases of gross physical incompatibility between salbutamol and drugs commonly used in the intensive care units were identified. Administration of these drugs via Y site should be avoided in a clinical setting. Key words: compatibility, stability, injectable salbutamol, Y site administration, intensive care
La littérature jeunesse en premiÚre année pour apprendre à lire et à écrire
Cette recherche vise Ă vĂ©rifier lâimpact dâune approche intĂ©grĂ©e du langage Ă©crit qui implique le recours Ă la littĂ©rature jeunesse autour dâun thĂšme unificateur (le loup). Au total, 93 sujets, rĂ©partis dans cinq classes de premiĂšre annĂ©e du primaire, ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s en lecture (dĂ©codage et comprĂ©hension) et en Ă©criture (orthographe et production de texte) lors dâun prĂ©test et dâun post-test. Toutes les enseignantes du groupe expĂ©rimental (3 classes) ont adoptĂ© pour une pĂ©riode de dix semaines lâapproche intĂ©grĂ©e, les autres enseignantes (2 classes) ont utilisĂ© des manuels. Nos rĂ©sultats montrent lâintĂ©rĂȘt dâadopter une telle approche lors de lâentrĂ©e dans la scolarisation, et ce, mĂȘme pour les Ă©lĂšves Ă risque de vivre des difficultĂ©s avec la langue Ă©crite.This study aimed to verify the impact of an integrated approach to written language that involves relying on young people's literature centred on a unifying theme, the wolf. Altogether, 93 subjects, distributed in five grade one classes, were assessed for reading skills (decoding and comprehension) and writing skills (spelling and text production) with a pre-test and a post-test. All the teachers in the study group (consisting of three classes) adopted the integrated approach for six weeks, and the other teachers (two classes) used textbooks. Our findings reveal the value of adopting this approach at the point when children begin their schooling, even for pupils at risk of experiencing difficulties with written language
External validation of clinical prediction rules for complications and mortality following Clostridioides difficile infection.
BackgroundSeveral clinical prediction rules (CPRs) for complications and mortality of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) have been developed but only a few have gone through external validation, and none is widely recommended in clinical practice.MethodsCPRs were identified through a systematic review. We included studies that predicted severe or complicated CDI (cCDI) and mortality, reported at least an internal validation step, and for which data were available with minimal modifications. Data from a multicenter prospective cohort of 1380 adults with confirmed CDI were used for external validation. In this cohort, cCDI occurred in 8% of the patients and 30-day all-cause mortality occurred in 12%. The performance of each tool was assessed using individual outcomes, with the same cut-offs and standard parameters.ResultsSeven CPRs were assessed. Three predictive scores for cCDI showed low sensitivity (25-61%) and positive predictive value (PPV; 9-31%), but moderate specificity (54-90%) and negative predictive value (NPV; 82-95%). One model [using age, white blood cell count (WBC), narcotic use, antacids use, and creatinine ratio > 1.5Ă the normal level as covariates] showed a probability of 25% of cCDI at the optimal cut-off point with 36% sensitivity and 84% specificity. Two scores for mortality had low sensitivity (4-55%) and PPV (25-31%), and moderate specificity (71-78%) and NPV (87-92%). One predictive model for 30-day all-cause mortality [Charlson comorbidity index, WBC, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), diagnosis in ICU, and delirium] showed an AUC-ROC of 0.74. All other CPRs showed lower AUC values (0.63-0.69). Errors in calibration ranged from 12%- 27%.ConclusionsIncluded CPRs showed moderate performance for clinical use in a large validation cohort with a majority of patients infected with ribotype 027 strains and a low rate of cCDI and mortality. These data show that better CPRs need to be developed and validated