An economical survey on polyculture of Indian and Chinese carps and its market

Regarding the natural potential and socio-economic advantages of aquaculture development, extension of aquaculture has been raised as one of the priorities of the second to fifth national programs of the Islamic Republic of Ira in the fisheries sector in the past ten years. Proliferation and aquaculture development also plays an important role in increasing employment, exportation, and rural development in rural areas. Although the physical capacities of aquaculture development may be clear, it is necessary to analyze the profitability of farmers and fish market as well. In recent years, reproduction and breeding of new species, in order to increase the income of farmers, have been put on the agenda of the Fisheries Research Institute. In order to increase the maximum utilization of production capacity and increase the warm water pond valume per unit area of land, three species of Indian carp has been imported. The main problems of aquaculture economical research include inadequate information and lack of the collaboration between different experts and aquaculture farmers. The objective of the research was to survey of economical aspects for culturing the imported Indian carp. The fingerlings of the imported species were transferred to the target centers, Southern aquaculture Research institute and Inland waters Aquaculture Research institute. The experiment was carried out as three treatments in triplicates for 9 months. To determine the cost of production and the share of the cost of production factors for farmed fish carp, including the cost of labor, cost of fingerlings, feed and fertilizer costs, maintenance costs, energy costs, depreciation of structures, equipment and buildings for administrative and other costs; past experiences, information and other resources and external experiences questionnaire was employed

Determination of suitable size of Rutilus frisii kutum for releasing by evaluation of osmotic regulation ability

The study was done in Nutrition and Live Food Station was located in Bandar Anzali Ghaziyan. Juveniles weighted average 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g were randomly selected in three water conditions with a salinity of 11 ppt (Caspian sea water), water 7 ppt and freshwater (with three replicates per group) were included. At intervals of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 72, 168, 240 hours, blood samples were heparinized capillary tubes by caudal juveniles and ion concentrations Mg, Ca,Cl using the spectrophotometer and sodium and potassium ions with Flaym photometry (flame photometric), the osmotic pressure of blood plasma by osmometer and cortisol levels were measured by RIA method. To study the microstructure of gill and kidney tissue for each treatment , tissue samples by classical histological methods and stained with hematoxylin - eosin slides were prepared. The frequency and location of the enzyme Na^+, K^+ - ATPase and chloride cells with immunohistochemical localization was performed. Studies micrometric gill chloride cells and renal glomerular networks by software Image tool (version 2.0) was performed. Measurement of enzyme Na^+, K^+-ATPase, by Zaugg (1982) method was conducted. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA (Oneway ANOVA) with Tukey's test was performed. Overall, the results of measuring ions and osmotic pressure on the tenth day of treatment, the osmotic potential juveniles 2.5, 5, 10, 20 gr in Caspian sea water and all groups except the 0.5 in water of 7 ppt confirmed. But in case of unfavorable conditions for the release in estuaries river and river, fish with weight 1 to 3 release directly to beach (where the salinity is 7 grams per liter) and fishes with weight from 10 to 20 gr to sea. Although suitable river conditions necessary condition for release of juveniles in riverine areas to adaptation juveniles occur gradually

Safer Chairs For Elderly Patients: Design Evaluation Using Electromyography And Force Measurement

A vast majority of patient fall events in hospitals involve the elderly. In inpatient care settings, despite the risk of fall, patients are encouraged to leave their bed, move around their room, and sit on their chair to progress in their healing. Despite the vital role of patient chair design in improving recovery, few studies have examined the ergonomic requirements of safe patient chairs. This study examined the impact of manipulating horizontal and vertical positions of armrests in a test chair on required physical effort during Stand-to-Sit-to-Stand (St-Si-St) transitions among 15 elderly women. Physical effort was measured using: (1) surface electromyography (sEMG); (2) force measurement by load cells; (3) video recording. Findings showed non-linear patterns of change in required physical effort due to changes in armrests’ height and distance. It was also found that minimum effort is associated with armrests higher and farther apart than those in typical patient chairs. Practitioner Summary: Safe chairs are essential for inpatient recovery, yet their ergonomic features are not investigated. Impact of changes in chair armrests on required physical effort was examined using electromyography, force measurement and video recording. Armrests higher and farther apart than those in typical patient chairs may be safer for elderly patients

Correction to: assessment of groundwater quality around municipal solid waste landfill by using water quality index for groundwater resources and multivariate statistical technique: a case study of the landfill site, Qaem Shahr City, Iran

Groundwater is a precious natural water resource which can be considered as an available and safe source of water for domestic uses. In some cities in northern Iran, groundwater is being polluted due to various human activities. In this regard, the located municipal solid waste landfills close to these areas without the requested controls regarding the landfill leachate and gas emission are among the major sources of environmental pollution, which are deteriorating groundwater quality around landfill sites. In this context, the current study was aimed to assess the quality of collected groundwater samples around a landfill site using the modified Water Quality Index for groundwater resources (WQIG). Also, the water quality map has been prepared by using WQIG in GIS environment. Therefore, thirty-three groundwater samples were collected and analyzed around 11 water wells close to the landfill site. Variety of physicochemical parameters including nitrate (NO3), fecal coliform, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), electrical conductivity, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), phosphate (PO4), total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, pH were assessed in groundwater samples based on recommended standard methods by American Public Health Association (APHA). Geostatistics analysis including Kriging, semi-variogram, and variogram methods also was used to evaluate the spatial variations in the variables and to provide the necessary data for further interpolation. According to the results of WQIG, most of the groundwater wells (98.85%) are polluted due to the existing of the landfill site in the investigated area. Generally speaking, based on the WQIG the water samples were defined as not suitable for drinking applications. Also, the high concentrations of nitrate and hardness in the downstream wells (W1–W11) of the landfill were demonstrated by the results of Kriging assay which can be correlated with the penetration of leachate into these wells. Considering the SAR results, all wells in the studied area are classified as (C3S1) that means the groundwater of this area is suitable for agricultural approaches. Moreover, the reduction in the water quality from the south to the north and northeast was demonstrated by the results of spatial dispersion. Evaluation of the changes in water quality near landfill sites showed that 2149.56 m2 of total area had a relatively poor potential for the region’s groundwater recharge