Mechanisms of Producing Primordial Black Holes and Their Evolution

Primordial black holes have become a highly intriguing and captivating field of study in cosmology due to their potential theoretical and observational significance. This review delves into a variety of mechanisms that could give rise to PBHs and explores various methods for examining their evolution through mass accretion

Global Collaborative Team Performance for the Revision of the International Classification of Diseases: A Case Study of the World Health Organization Field Studies Coordination Group

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.Background/Objective: Collaborative teamwork in global mental health presents unique challenges, including the formation and management of international teams composed of multicultural and multilingual professionals with different backgrounds in terms of their training, scientific expertise, and life experience. The purpose of the study was to analyze the performance of the World Health Organization (WHO) Field Studies Coordination Group (FSCG) using an input-processes-output (IPO) team science model to better understand the team's challenges, limitations, and successes in developing the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Method: We thematically analyzed a collection of written texts, including FSCG documents and open-ended qualitative questionnaires, according to the conceptualization of the input-processes-output model of team performance. Results: The FSCG leadership and its members experienced and overcame numerous barriers to become an effective international team and to successfully achieve the goals set forth by WHO. Conclusions: Research is necessary regarding global mental health collaboration to understand and facilitate international collaborations with the goal of contributing to a deeper understanding of mental health and to reduce the global burden of mental disorders around the world

Magnetic-Responsive Doxorubicin-Containing Materials Based on Fe3O4 Nanoparticles with a SiO2/PEG Shell and Study of Their Effects on Cancer Cell Lines

Novel nanocomposite materials based on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with silica and covalently modified by [(3-triethoxysilyl)propyl]succinic acid–polyethylene glycol (PEG 3000) conjugate, which provides a high level of doxorubicin (Dox) loading, were obtained. The efficiency of Dox desorption from the surface of nanomaterials under the action of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) in acidic and neutral media was evaluated. Their high cytotoxicity against tumor cells, as well as the drug release upon application of AMF, which leads to an increase in the cytotoxic effect, was demonstrated

Changes in the Provision of Institutionalized Mental Health Care in Post-Communist Countries

PMCID: PMC3371010This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Gene set enrichment analysis and expression pattern exploration implicate an involvement of neurodevelopmental processes in bipolar disorder

Background Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common and highly heritable disorder of mood. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several independent susceptibility loci. In order to extract more biological information from GWAS data, multi-locus approaches represent powerful tools since they utilize knowledge about biological processes to integrate functional sets of genes at strongly to moderately associated loci. Methods We conducted gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) using 2.3 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms, 397 Reactome pathways and 24,025 patients with BD and controls. RNA expression of implicated individual genes and gene sets were examined in post-mortem brains across lifespan. Results Two pathways showed a significant enrichment after correction for multiple comparisons in the GSEA: GRB2 events in ERBB2 signaling, for which 6 of 21 genes were BD associated (P = 0.0377), and NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth, for which 11 out of 62 genes were BD associated (P = 0.0451). Most pathway genes showed peaks of RNA co-expression during fetal development and infancy and mapped to neocortical areas and parts of the limbic system. Limitations Pathway associations were technically reproduced by two methods, although they were not formally replicated in independent samples. Gene expression was explored in controls but not in patients. Conclusions Pathway analysis in large GWAS data of BD and follow-up of gene expression patterns in healthy brains provide support for an involvement of neurodevelopmental processes in the etiology of this neuropsychiatric disease. Future studies are required to further evaluate the relevance of the implicated genes on pathway functioning and clinical aspects of BD

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОПРИВОДА ЭЛЕКТРОВОЗА 2ЭЛ5 В РЕЖИМЕ ТЯГИ

 The efficiency of the AC electric traction system is decisively influenced by the electric locomotives power factor. The power factor of electric locomotives with thyristor AC/DC converters is 0.8…0.84, when a recommended value is at least 0.95. The mathematical model of AC cargo electric locomotive 2EL5 traction electric drive (for traction mode) is developed to study ways to increase the energy efficiency of these electric locomotives. Based on the logical functions of the formation and distribution of pulses, a mathematical description of the AC/DC converter algorithm is obtained. This model is implemented by MATLAB.The mathematical model of 2EL5 traction electric drive allows investigating electromagnetic processes taking into account a voltage nonsinusoidality on the pantograph. The resulting graphs of voltages and currents correspond to the concept of electromagnetic processes in the traction electric drive of an electric locomotive, as described in previously publications.Математическая модель тягового электропривода грузового электровоза переменного тока 2ЭЛ5 (для режима тяги) разработана с целью проведения исследований, направленных на повышение энергетической эффективности этих электровозов. На основе логических функций формирования и распределения импульсов получено математическое описание алгоритма управления выпрямительно-инверторным преобразователем. Результаты виртуальных экспериментов подтвердили адекватность разработанной модели.Математическая модель тягового электропривода грузового электровоза переменного тока 2ЭЛ5 (для режима тяги) разработана с целью проведения исследований, направленных на повышение энергетической эффективности этих электровозов. На основе логических функций формирования и распределения импульсов получено математическое описание алгоритма управления выпрямительно-инверторным преобразователем. Результаты виртуальных экспериментов подтвердили адекватность разработанной модели

Multiple Access Interferences in Wideband Radionavigation Systems with Spectrum-Effective Pseudonoise Signals

В работе изучено влияние дополнительной модуляции навигационных сигналов данными на уровень помех множественного доступа в широкополосных радионавигационных системах с MSK-сигналами при кодовом разделении каналов системы. Наименьший уровень боковых лепестков ПВКФ сигналов опорных станций достигается при использовании циклических сдвигов М-последовательности, общей для всех каналов. При частотном разнесении каналов системы средневолнового диапазона в допустимых пределах уровень боковых лепестков возрастает намного больше и структура кода не оказывает заметного влиянияAdditional information modulation influence on adjacent-channel interference level is considered in case of medium-wave wideband navigation system with MSK-signals. The lowest correlation sidelobe level is being achieved when signals are generated with cyclic shifts of its general MLS. The frequency channel leads to higher sidelobe levels, code structure doesn’t significantly affec

Kalman filtering of coordinates determination for local positioning systems mobile objects

The article is devoted to the study of Kalmanfiltering errors of the measured radio navigation parameters into the coordinates and elements of the objects movement in relation to the ground-based radio navigation system of local positioning. The stationary state of the mobile station, its uniform rectilinear and uniformly accelerated movement are considered. The use of optimal estimation of the Kalman filter allows reducing the standard deviation of coordinates by 1.5-3 times for the considered mobile station trajectory

Integrating mental health into primary care in Sverdlovsk

Introduction: Mental disorders occur as frequently in Russia as elsewhere, but the common mental disorders, especially depression, have gone largely unrecognised and undiagnosed by policlinic staff and area doctors. Methods: This paper describes the impact and sustainability of a multi-component programme to facilitate the integration of mental health into primary care, by situation appraisal, policy dialogue, development of educational materials, provision of a training programme and the publication of standards and good practice guidelines to improve the primary care of mental disorders in the Sverdlovsk region of the Russian Federation. Results: The multi-component programme has resulted in sustainable training about common mental disorders, not only of family doctors but also of other cadres and levels of professionals, and it has been well integrated with Sverdlovsk's overall programme of health sector reforms. Conclusion: It is possible to facilitate the sustainable integration of mental health into primary care within the Russian context. While careful adaptation will be needed, the approach adopted here may also hold useful lessons for policy makers seeking to integrate mental health within primary care in other contexts and settings