Association between knowledge and attitudes towards advance directives in emergency services

Background: implementing the routine consultation of patient advance directives in hospital emergency departments and emergency medical services has become essential, given that advance directives constitute the frame of reference for care personalisation and respect for patients' values and preferences related to healthcare. The aim of this study was to assess the levels and relationship of knowledge and attitudes of nursing and medical professionals towards advance directives in hospital emergency departments and emergency medical services, and to determine the correlated and predictor variables of favourable attitudes towards advance directives. Methods: observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in the emergency department of a second-level hospital and in the emergency medical service. Data collection was performed from January 2019 to February 2020. The STROBE guidelines were followed for the preparation of the study. Results: a total of 173 healthcare professionals responded to the questionnaire. Among them, 91.3% considered that they were not sufficiently informed about advance directives, and 74% acknowledged not having incorporated them into their usual practice. Multinomial analysis indicated a statistically significant relationship between the variable emergency medical service and having more favourable attitudes towards consulting the advance directives in their practical application (OR 2.49 [95% CI 1.06-5.88]; p = 0.037) and compliance in complex scenarios (OR 3.65 [95% CI 1.58 - 8.41]; p = 0.002). Working the afternoon and night shift was a predictor variable for obtaining a higher score with respect to attitudes in complex scenarios. Conclusion: there is an association between the level of knowledge that nursing and medical professionals have about advance directives and the scores obtained on the attitude scales at the time of practical implementation and in complex scenarios. This shows that the more knowledge professionals have, the more likely they are to consult patients' advance directives and to respect their wishes and preferences for care and/or treatment

Appropriateness of Intravenous Iron Prescription in Hospitalized Patients

Introducción: La ferropenia y la anemia ferropénica son condiciones clínicas frecuentes en la práctica clínica diaria, requiriendo terapia de reemplazo con hierro. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la adecuación del tratamiento con hierro intravenoso de los pacientes ingresados e identificar las principales causas de prescripción inadecuada. Método: Estudio retrospectivo observacional. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos a los que se les prescribió hierro intravenoso durante el periodo de estudio. Se consideró el tratamiento como adecuado si el paciente presentaba ferropenia, bien por déficit absoluto (ferritina<100 ng/mL) o funcional de hierro (índice de saturación de transferrina sérica < 20 % y ferritina < 300 ng/ml). La variable principal del estudio fue el porcentaje de pacientes con prescripción adecuada de hierro intravenoso. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 250 pacientes. El uso del hierro fue adecuado en el 41,6 % (104) de los 250 pacientes analizados. La causa principal de inadecuación en un 46,4 % de pacientes, fue la falta de datos analíticos que corroboraran la ferropenia. Conclusiones: Nuestro centro presenta un déficit de adecuación de la prescripción de hierro intravenoso pese a la existencia de un protocolo de utilización del mismo. El principal punto de mejora sería la realización de un perfil analítico que permita el diagnóstico adecuado del déficit de hierro previo a la prescripción de hierro intravenoso. En algunas patologías, la inexistencia de guías clínicas con puntos de corte específicos para los marcadores analíticos indicativos de déficit de hierro en la bibliografía disponible puede contribuir a esta situación.Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia and iron deficiency are usual clinical conditions in daily clinical practice, requiring iron replacement therapy. The study objective was to evaluate the appropriateness of intravenous iron treatment in hospitalized patients and to identify the main causes of inappropriate prescription. Method: This is a retrospective observational study. Adult patients who received intravenous iron therapy at their hospital during the study period were included. Appropriate treatment was considered when patient presented iron deficiency, either due to absolute (ferritin <100 ng/mL) or functional iron deficiency (transferrin saturation index < 20 % and ferritin < 300 ng/mL). The main variable of the study was patient percentage with adequate prescription or parenteral iron. Results: The study included 250 patients. The use of iron was adequate in 41.6 % (104) of the 250 patients analyzed. The main cause of inadequacy in 46.4 % of patients was the lack of analytical data which corroborated iron deficiency. Conclusions: Our center has a deficiency in the appropriateness of the prescription of parenteral iron despite the existence of a protocol for its use. The main point of improvement would be the creation of an analytical profile that allows the adequate diagnosis of iron deficiency prior to the prescription of intravenous iron. In some pathologies, the lack of clinical guidelines with specific cut-off points for analytical markers indicative of iron deficiency in the available literature may contribute to this situation

Clinical Factors, Preventive Behaviours and Temporal Outcomes Associated with COVID-19 Infection in Health Professionals at a Spanish Hospital

The authors thank K. Shashok for improving the use of English in the manuscript.The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has quickly spread around the world, with Spain being one of the most severely affected countries. Healthcare professionals are an important risk group given their exposure. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of symptoms, main concerns as patients, preventive behaviours of healthcare professionals, and the different temporal outcomes associated with the negativization of PCR results. A total of 238 professionals were analysed and follow-up was conducted from 11 March to 21 April 2020 through clinical records, in-depth surveys, and telephone interviews. Symptoms, concerns, and preventive measures were documented, and temporal outcomes (start and end of symptoms, first positive PCR, and negativization of PCR) were analysed through survival analyses. A high prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms (especially in women and older professionals), fever, cough, and fatigue were reported. The main concern was contagion in the work and home environment. Professionals (especially men) reported low use of face masks before the pandemic. Our analysis indicates that the median times for the negativization of PCR testing to confirm the resolution of infection is 15 days after the end of symptoms, or 25 days after the first positive PCR test. Our results suggest that these times are longer for women and for professionals aged ≥55 years, therefore follow-up strategies should be optimized in light of both variables. This is the first study we are aware of to report factors associated with the time to negativization of PCR results. We present the first rigorous estimates of time outcomes and hope that these data can be valuable to continue feeding the prediction models that are currently being developed. Similar studies are required to corroborate our results.Chair of Teaching and Research in Family Medicine SEMERGEN-UGR. University of Granad

Caracterización de los hallazgos histopatológicos de tumores hipofisiarios y de la región selar en dos centros en Bucaramanga, Santander, entre 1992 y 2018

Introducción: La hipófisis y la región selar pueden afectarse por una amplia variedad de lesiones de diferente etiopatogenia. En Colombia existen pocos datos que muestren la distribución y las características histopatológicas de dichas lesiones. Objetivo: Describir las características histopatológicas de las lesiones hipofisarias y de la región selar en dos instituciones de la región de Santander, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se revisaron patologías de pacientes de toda edad con diagnóstico de patología selar, supraselar o paraselar, llevados a cirugía realizada en dos centros de referencia de la región. Resultados: Se revisaron 111 estudios patológicos, la lesión más frecuente fue el adenoma hipofisario (66,6%), seguido del craneofaringioma (19,8%) y del meningioma (2,5%). En población pediátrica, el craneofaringioma fue la lesión predominante (75%). Dentro de los adenomas predominaron los de células nulas y gonadotropos, la mayoría mostraron una expresión baja de Ki-67. La descripción heterogénea de los hallazgos de la citoqueratina CAM 5.2 y microscopia electrónica impidió su clasificación según dichos hallazgos. La variante más frecuente del craneofaringioma, tanto en adultos como en niños, fue la adamantinomatosa. Conclusión: La distribución de la patología hipofisaria y selar en esta serie es similar a lo reportado en la literatura, llamando la atención un predominio del craneofaringioma como la segunda lesión más frecuente después de los adenomas hipofisarios. Se requiere una mayor uniformidad y difusión en los criterios histopatológicos de la clasificación de los adenomas para una interpretación clínica más apropiada y un uso óptimo de los recursos

Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory factors on admission associated with COVID19 mortality in hospitalized patients: A retrospective observational study

Background To identify and quantify associations between baseline characteristics on hospital admission and mortality in patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary hospital in Spain. Methods and findings This retrospective case series included 238 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at Hospital Universitario Clı´nico San Cecilio (Granada, Spain) who were discharged or who died. Electronic medical records were reviewed to obtain information on sex, age, personal antecedents, clinical features, findings on physical examination, and laboratory results for each patient. Associations between mortality and baseline characteristics were estimated as hazard ratios (HR) calculated with Cox regression models. Series mortality was 25.6%. Among patients with dependence for basic activities of daily living, 78.7% died, and among patients residing in retirement homes, 80.8% died. The variables most clearly associated with a greater hazard of death were age (3% HR increase per 1-year increase in age; 95%CI 1–6), diabetes mellitus (HR 2.42, 95%CI 1.43–4.09), SatO2/ FiO2 ratio (43% HR reduction per 1-point increase; 95%CI 23–57), SOFA score (19% HR increase per 1-point increase, 95%CI 5–34) and CURB-65 score (76% HR increase per 1- point increase, 95%CI 23–143). Conclusions The patients residing in retirement homes showed great vulnerability. The main baseline factors that were independently associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were older age, diabetes mellitus, low SatO2/FiO2 ratio, and high SOFA and CURB-65 scores.Fondos Estructurales de la Union Europea (FEDER)Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), University of Granad

Clinical and Molecular-Genetic Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy: Antioxidant Strategies and Future Avenues

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and ROS-signaling pathways activation attack the eyes. We evaluated the oxidative stress (OS) and the effects of a daily, core nutritional supplement regimen containing antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids (A/ω3) in type 2 diabetics (T2DM). A case-control study was carried out in 480 participants [287 T2DM patients with (+)/without (−) diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 193 healthy controls (CG)], randomly assigned to a daily pill of A/ω3. Periodic evaluation through 38 months allowed to outline patient characteristics, DR features, and classic/OS blood parameters. Statistics were performed by the SPSS 24.0 program. Diabetics displayed significantly higher circulating pro-oxidants (p = 0.001) and lower antioxidants (p = 0.0001) than the controls. Significantly higher plasma malondialdehyde/thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA/TBARS; p = 0.006) and lower plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC; p = 0.042) and vitamin C (0.020) was found in T2DM + DR versus T2DM-DR. The differential expression profile of solute carrier family 23 member 2 (SLC23A2) gene was seen in diabetics versus the CG (p = 0.001), and in T2DM + DR versus T2DM − DR (p < 0.05). The A/ω3 regime significantly reduced the pro-oxidants (p < 0.05) and augmented the antioxidants (p < 0.05). This follow-up study supports that a regular A/ω3 supplementation reduces the oxidative load and may serve as a dietary prophylaxis/adjunctive intervention for patients at risk of diabetic blindness

Evolution of Quality of Life and Treatment Adherence after One Year of Intermittent Bladder Catheterisation in Functional Urology Unit Patients

Objective: To determine patient difficulties and concerns when performing IBC (Intermittent Bladder Catheterisation), as well as the evolution of adherence, quality of life, and emotional state of patients one year after starting IBC. Method: A prospective, observational, multicentre study conducted in 20 Spanish hospitals with a one-year follow-up. Data sources were patient records and the King's Health Questionnaire on quality of life, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Perceived adherence was measured using the ICAS (Intermittent Catheterization Adherence Scale) and perceived difficulties with IBC were assessed using the ICDQ (Intermittent Catheterization Difficulty Questionnaire). For data analysis, descriptive and bivariate statistics were performed for paired data at three points in time (T1: one month, T2: three months, T3: one year). Results: A total of 134 subjects initially participated in the study (T0), becoming 104 subjects at T1, 91 at T2, and 88 at T3, with a mean age of 39 years (standard deviation = 22.16 years). Actual IBC adherence ranged from 84.8% at T1 to 84.1% at T3. After one year of follow-up, a statistically significant improvement in quality of life (p <= 0.05) was observed in all dimensions with the exception of personal relationships. However, there were no changes in the levels of anxiety (p = 0.190) or depression (p = 0.682) at T3 compared to T0. Conclusions: Patients requiring IBC exhibit good treatment adherence, with a significant proportion of them performing self-catheterisation. After one year of IBC, a significant improvement in quality of life was noted, albeit with a significant impact on their daily lives and their personal and social relationships. Patient support programmes could be implemented to improve their ability to cope with difficulties and thus enhance both their quality of life and the maintenance of their adherence

Cartografía crítica de recursos educativos y pedagógicos en instituciones y entidades culturales del ámbito de las artes visuales en la Comunidad de Madrid como herramienta para la formación del profesorado

Investigar recursos educativos y pedagógicos en los museos y salas de arte de la Comunidad de Madrid, y establecer como estrategias de acercamiento institucional Educación/Arte para desarrollar un recurso on line disponible en la web, destinado especialmente a la formación de profesorado y estudiantes de arte interesados en educación para creación de una comunidad de aprendizaje

Staging Parkinson’s Disease According to the MNCD (Motor/Non-motor/Cognition/Dependency) Classification Correlates with Disease Severity and Quality of Life

Background: Recently, a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on 4 axes (Motor; Non-motor; Cognition; Dependency) and 5 stages, has been proposed to classify Parkinson's disease (PD). Objective: Our aim was to apply the MNCD classification in a cohort of PD patients for the first time and also to analyze the correlation with quality of life (QoL) and disease severity. Methods: Data from the baseline visit of PD patients recruited from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were used to apply the MNCD classification. Three instruments were used to assess QoL: 1) the 39-item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire [PDQ-39]); PQ-10; the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index (EUROHIS-QOL8). Results: Four hundred and thirty-nine PD patients (62.05 +/- 7.84 years old; 59% males) were included. MNCD stage was: stage 1, 8.4% (N = 37); stage 2, 62% (N = 272); stage 3, 28.2% (N = 124); stage 4-5, 1.4% (N = 6). A more advanced MNCD stage was associated with a higher score on the PDQ39SI (p < 0.0001) and a lower score on the PQ-10 (p < 0.0001) and EUROHIS-QOL8 (p < 0.0001). In many other aspects of the disease, such as disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, and autonomy for activities of daily living, an association between the stage and severity was observed, with data indicating a progressive worsening related to disease progression throughout the proposed stages. Conclusion: Staging PD according to the MNCD classification correlated with QoL and disease severity. The MNCD could be a proper tool to monitor the progression of PD