A Population of Teraelectronvolt Pulsar Wind Nebulae in the H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey

The most numerous source class that emerged from the H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey are Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe). The 2013 reanalysis of this survey, undertaken after almost 10 years of observations, provides us with the most sensitive and most complete census of gamma-ray PWNe to date. In addition to a uniform analysis of spectral and morphological parameters, for the first time also flux upper limits for energetic young pulsars were extracted from the data. We present a discussion of the correlation between energetic pulsars and TeV objects, and their respective properties. We will put the results in context with the current theoretical understanding of PWNe and evaluate the plausibility of previously non-established PWN candidates.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. In Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2013), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil

β\beta-Decay Spectrum, Response Function and Statistical Model for Neutrino Mass Measurements with the KATRIN Experiment

The objective of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is to determine the effective electron neutrino mass $m(\nu_\text{e})$ with an unprecedented sensitivity of $0.2\,\text{eV}$ (90\% C.L.) by precision electron spectroscopy close to the endpoint of the $\beta$ decay of tritium. We present a consistent theoretical description of the $\beta$ electron energy spectrum in the endpoint region, an accurate model of the apparatus response function, and the statistical approaches suited to interpret and analyze tritium $\beta$ decay data observed with KATRIN with the envisaged precision. In addition to providing detailed analytical expressions for all formulae used in the presented model framework with the necessary detail of derivation, we discuss and quantify the impact of theoretical and experimental corrections on the measured $m(\nu_\text{e})$. Finally, we outline the statistical methods for parameter inference and the construction of confidence intervals that are appropriate for a neutrino mass measurement with KATRIN. In this context, we briefly discuss the choice of the $\beta$ energy analysis interval and the distribution of measuring time within that range.Comment: 27 pages, 22 figures, 2 table

Inventive activity of Scientific Center of Reconstructive and Restorative Surgery SB RAMS (report 1)

The article presents the review of inventive and patent work of employees of Scientific Center of Reconstructive and Restorative Surgery SB RAMS from the foundation of institute of surgery till nowadays. Main areas of researches (in the form of patents) are determined: prevention and treatment of surgical infection, methods of treatment of actual surgical pathology of neck, chest, abdomen and soft tissues and also instrumental and laboratory diagnostics of these conditions. The models of pathological processes developed in experiment and cell technologies are patented. The level of patent defense of researches is considered to be corresponding

The KATRIN Pre-Spectrometer at reduced Filter Energy

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment, KATRIN, will determine the mass of the electron neutrino with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV (90% C.L.) via a measurement of the beta-spectrum of gaseous tritium near its endpoint of E_0 =18.57 keV. An ultra-low background of about b = 10 mHz is among the requirements to reach this sensitivity. In the KATRIN main beam-line two spectrometers of MAC-E filter type are used in a tandem configuration. This setup, however, produces a Penning trap which could lead to increased background. We have performed test measurements showing that the filter energy of the pre-spectrometer can be reduced by several keV in order to diminish this trap. These measurements were analyzed with the help of a complex computer simulation, modeling multiple electron reflections both from the detector and the photoelectric electron source used in our test setup.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figure

A pulsed, mono-energetic and angular-selective UV photo-electron source for the commissioning of the KATRIN experiment

The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the neutrino mass scale with a sensitivity of 200 meV/c^2 (90% C.L.) by a precision measurement of the shape of the tritium $\beta$-spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. To determine the transmission properties of the KATRIN main spectrometer, a mono-energetic and angular-selective electron source has been developed. In preparation for the second commissioning phase of the main spectrometer, a measurement phase was carried out at the KATRIN monitor spectrometer where the device was operated in a MAC-E filter setup for testing. The results of these measurements are compared with simulations using the particle-tracking software "Kassiopeia", which was developed in the KATRIN collaboration over recent years.Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures, submitted to European Physical Journal

Design of a mobile neutron spectrometer for the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS)

Environmental neutrons are a source of background for rare event searches (e.g., dark matter direct detection and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments) taking place in deep underground laboratories. The overwhelming majority of these neutrons are produced in the cavern walls by means of intrinsic radioactivity of the rock and concrete. Their flux and spectrum depend on time and location. Precise knowledge of this background is necessary to devise sufficient shielding and veto mechanisms, improving the sensitivity of the neutron-susceptible underground experiments. In this report, we present the design and the expected performance of a mobile neutron detector for the LNGS underground laboratory. The detector is based on capture-gated spectroscopy technique and comprises essentially a stack of plastic scintillator bars wrapped with gadolinium foils. The extensive simulation studies demonstrate that the detector will be capable of measuring ambient neutrons at low flux levels (~$10^{-6}$ n/cm$^2$/s) at LNGS, where the ambient gamma flux is by about 5 orders of magnitude larger

MATRIX Reference Reports

The Multi-HAzard and MulTi-RIsK Assessment MethodS for Europe or MATRIX project (01.10.2010 to 31.12.2013), coordinated by the GFZ, set out to tackle some of the issues associated with multi-hazard and risk assessment. Disaster risk reduction (DDR) activities generally treat different natural hazards and their associated risks separately within what may be termed a "single-type" approach. However, this ignores the spatial and temporal interactions that often arise along the disaster risk chain. For instance, one hazardous event may trigger others, e.g., earthquakes causing tsunamis, or several different types may occur concurrently, e.g., severe weather and earthquakes. Considering vulnerability, an initial event would leave a community more susceptible to future, possibly different, hazards, e.g., an earthquake weakening buildings which are damaged further by windstorms. The temporal dimension may include changes in exposure, e.g., increased urbanisation, altering the total risk to an area, while repeated events lessen a community's resilience. Meanwhile, although losses are estimated by usually only considering direct economic losses or casualties, this ignores less tangible losses such as reduced business activity or the loss of cultural heritage. In short, the total risk estimated when incorporating interactions between multiple hazards and risks is likely to be greater than the sum of the individual parts. Hence, for a more comprehensive risk assessment paradigm, these, and other, interactions need to be considered. Therefore, MATRIX set out to develop concepts, methods, frameworks and tools for dealing with risk assessment within a multi-hazard and risk environment. The focus was on the hazards that most affect Europe, namely earthquakes, landslides, volcanos, tsunamis, wild fires, storms and fluvial and coastal flooding. Interactions at all the different levels were considered, such as cascading events and time dependency in vulnerability. The resulting products were applied at three test cases: Naples, Italy, the French West Indies, and Cologne, Germany. Considerable interaction with end-users was also undertaken, including identifying biases at the individual and institutional level which may hinder employing a multi-type framework for risk governance. This Scientific Technical Report presents two so-called "Reference reports" produced during the MATRIX project. These reports were provided to the European Commission as deliverables, namely D8.4 "MATRIX Results I and Reference Report" and D8.5 "MATRIX Results II and Reference Report". D8.4 presented a series of specific reports outlining the results of the project, written in a manner accessible not only to the specialist but with a broader audience in mind. D8.5 deals with the risk governance within a multi-hazard and risk context and has since been published. We therefore divide with document in two, where part 1 represented the outcomes presented in D8.4 while D8.5 forms part 2. We believe the MATRIX project was a very important step towards the goal of establishing the multi-hazard and risk environment as the norm within a European context, and we hope that the reader will benefit from the results presented here