Editorial: Emerging heterocycles as bioactive compounds

Heterocycles represent a privileged scaffold due to their ability to interact with biological systems via heteroatoms. It is no coincidence that every year the Food and Drug Administration approves numerous new drugs that contain at least one heterocyclic system as active pharmacophoric part in their structure. Many heterocyclic compounds with therapeutic properties, including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and so on, come from natural sources such as plants and animals, and medicinal chemists very often use them to study their chemical space and improve their biological activity. In fact, several efficient approaches for the formation of aromatic heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives have been described in the literature in the past, but the development of new green synthetic procedures and methodologies for their high-yield synthesis is increasingly in demand in drug discovery program. This Editorial collects recent research progress in the field of medicinal chemistry focused on the synthesis of new bioactive heterocycles of different types of activities, including anticancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory

Atypical disseminated leishmaniasis similar to post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in a Brazilian AIDS patient infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi: a case report

We report the case of an atypical disseminated leishmaniasis with similar clinical characteristics to post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, an uncommon disease in South America. This occurred in a Brazilian patient with AIDS, 3 years after the first episode of American visceral leishmaniasis. (C) 2009 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Inst Adolfo Lutz Registro, Parasitol Lab, BR-01246000 São Paulo, BrazilCtr Referencia DST, AIDS Santo Amaro, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Ipiranga, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Mortalidade por paracoccidioidomicose no Brasil (1980-1995)

This study analyzes 3,181 deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil, based on 16 years of sequential data (from 1980 to 1995). During this period paracoccidioidomycosis showed considerable magnitude and low visibility, representing the eighth most common cause of death from predominantly chronic or recurrent types of infectious and parasitic diseases. It also had the highest mortality rate among the systemic mycoses. The mean annual mortality rate was 1.45 per million inhabitants, indicating a downward long-term trend (reduction of 31.28%), while spatial distribution among the different regions and States of Brazil was non-homogenous. The South (with the highest regional rate) and the Southeast showed a downward trend, while the Central West had the second highest rate in the country. At least one-fifth of Brazilian municipalities (or 22.71% of the country's total area) reported deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis. Overall nationwide mortality per area was 3.73/10,000km². The disease was endemic in non-metropolitan areas. The majority of deaths occurred in males (84.75%), and there was a sex ratio of 562 men/100 women. The 30-59-year and over-60-year age groups were the most affected. The study showed that the mortality rate justifies classifying this disease as a major health problem in Brazil.Foram estudados 3.181 óbitos por paracoccidioidomicose no Brasil, a partir de séries temporais de 16 anos (1980-1995). No período, esta micose mostrou grande magnitude e baixa visibilidade, destacando-se como oitava causa de mortalidade por doença predominantemente crônica ou repetitiva, entre as infecciosas e parasitárias, e a mais elevada taxa de mortalidade entre as micoses sistêmicas. A taxa de mortalidade média anual foi de 1,45/milhão de habitantes, com tendência secular em queda (redução de 31,28%), a distribuição espacial não foi homogênea entre as diferentes regiões e Estados. O Sul, com a maior taxa regional, e o Sudeste apresentaram tendência a queda. A Região Centro-Oeste teve o segundo coeficiente mais alto do País, com tendência a ascensão. Houve registro de óbitos pela endemia em cerca de um quarto dos municípios brasileiros, estendendo-se por 22,71% de sua área. A densidade geral de óbitos foi de 3,73 óbitos/10.000km². A doença prevaleceu como endemia nas áreas não metropolitanas. A taxa de mortalidade predominou em indivíduos do sexo masculino, com 84,75% dos óbitos e razão de masculinidade de 562 homens/100 mulheres. O grupo etário entre 30-59 anos foi o mais atingido, seguido dos indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais. O estudo mostrou que a taxa de mortalidade pode ser considerada como indicador para definir a doença como importante agravo de saúde no Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Centro de Saúde Escola Germano Sinval FariaFundação Oswaldo Cruz Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Departamento de Endemias Samuel PessoaFundação Oswaldo Cruz Centro de Pesquisa Hospital Evandro Chagas Serviço de MicologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de DermatologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de DermatologiaSciEL

THE KEY ROLE OF THE CLINICAL PHARMACIST IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANTICANCER THERAPIES: A PILOT STUDY IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

Lung cancer accounts for a quarter of all mortality cases worldwide. To date, numerous efforts have been done to identify the best therapeutic approach, especially in the advanced stage of the disease, and to extend the overall survival of patients. Careful surveillance of patients during therapy is essential in order to identify undesirable effects and to evaluate possible adverse reactions in case of coadministration. This study aims to compare two types of anticancer therapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapy, administered to NSCLC patients in the Medical Oncology Unit of the ARNAS “Di Cristina Benfratelli” Civic Hospital in Palermo (Italy), and to highlight the key role of clinical pharmacist in the management of anticancer therapies, by analysing the side effects in the short-term postadministration and the adverse drug reactions, in particular drug-drug interactions, in case of comorbidities

Citrus wastewater as a source of value‐added products: Quali‐quantitative analysis and in vitro screening on breast cancer cell lines

Citrus wastewater from industries is a source of bioactive compounds whose recovery could be a useful approach to convert processing waste into potential resources to be exploited in food, pharmaceutical, and chemical companies. Citrus wastewater, obtained from the industrial processing of Citrus sinensis, was freezedried and qualitative/quantitative evaluated using HPLC/MS Q‐TOF analysis. Antiproliferative activity was investigated on MDA‐MB‐231 (triple‐negative breast cancer cell line), MCF‐7 (breast cancer cell line), and its multidrug‐resistant variant MCF‐7R. Fraction 8 emerged for its cytotoxicity toward MCF‐7R cells. Its main component, the polymethoxylated flavone nobiletin (80%), is likely involved in increasing the number of G1‐phase MCF‐7R cells without inducing cell death. Notably, fraction 8 sensitizes MCF7‐R cells to the antiproliferative effects of doxorubicin, thus contributing to overcoming MCF7‐R multidrug resistance. Our studies highlighted the possibility of applying a sustainable strategy for citrus wastewater recycling to recover functional compounds as useful adjuvants for the prevention and treatment of malignancies