Soft Tissue Changes Following the Extraction of Premolars in Nongrowing Patients With Bimaxillary Protrusion

Objective: To quantify the amount of perioral tissue changes following the extraction of four premolars in patients with bimaxillary protrusion who had nearly completed active growth. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials that assessed cephalometric perioral soft tissue changes in patients affected by biprotrusion and treated with extractions. Electronic databases (PubMed, ISI WoS Science Citation Index Expanded, and HubMed) were searched. Abstracts that appeared to fulfill the initial selection criteria were selected, and the full-text original articles were retrieved and analyzed. Only articles that fulfilled the final selection criteria were finally considered. Their references were also hand-searched for possible missing articles from the database searches. Results: Nine abstracts met the initial inclusion criteria and these articles were retrieved. From these, five were later rejected mostly because the sample dealt with growing subjects. Four articles remained and they showed that the upper and lower lips retracted and the nasolabial angle increased following premolar extraction. Upper lip retraction ranged from 2 mm to 3.2 mm, lower lip retraction ranged from 2 mm to 4.5 mm. Conclusions: The lip procumbency improves following the extraction of four premolars and this improvement is predictable. However, the changes are small and do not dramatically modify the profile. A "dished in" profile is not to be expected. Individual variation in response is large. (Angle Orthod 2010;80:211-216.

Disease Resistant Citrus Breeding Using Newly Developed High Resolution Melting and CAPS Protocols for Alternaria Brown Spot Marker Assisted Selection

Alternaria alternata is a fungus that causes a serious disease in susceptible genotypes of citrus, particularly in mandarins. The Alternaria citri toxin (ACT) produced by the pathogen induces necrotic lesions on young leaves and fruits, defoliation and fruit drop. Here, we describe two methods of marker-assisted selection (MAS) that could be used for the early identification of Alternaria brown spot (ABS)-resistant mandarin hybrids. The first method is based on a nested PCR coupled to high resolution melting (HRM) analysis at the SNP08 locus, which is located at 0.4 cM from the ABS resistance locus, and was previously indicated as the most suitable for the selection of ABS-resistant hybrids. The method was validated on 41 mandarin hybrids of the CREA germplasm collection, and on 862 progenies generated from five crosses involving different susceptible parents. Four out of five populations showed Mendelian segregation at the analyzed locus, while a population involving Murcott tangor as male parent showed distorted segregation toward the susceptible hybrids. The second method is based on a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) marker that was developed using the same primers as the nested PCR at the SNP08 locus, coupled with BccI restriction enzyme digestion. To verify the reliability of the two genotyping methods, in vitro leaf phenotyping was carried out by inoculating A. alternata spores onto young leaves of 101 hybrids, randomly chosen among the susceptible and resistant progenies. The phenotyping confirmed the SNP08 genotyping results, so the proposed method of selection based on HRM or CAPS genotyping could be routinely used as an alternative to KBioscience competitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KASPar) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping system to improve citrus breeding programs. While the study confirmed that the SNP08 marker is a reliable tool for MAS of new citrus hybrids with different genetic backgrounds, it also identified a small group of genotypes where the resistance mechanism requires further investigation

Packaging Solutions to Extend the Shelf Life of Green Asparagus (<i>Asparagus officinalis</i> L.) ‘Vegalim’

The aim of the study was to assess, through a comparative shelf-life test, the suitability of two packaging materials, namely macro-perforated polypropylene (PP MA) and micro-perforated coextruded polypropylene (PP C), for the quality preservation of green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L. ‘Vegalim’). Quality of spears was evaluated during 30 days at refrigerated storage by monitoring chemical, physical, and enzymatic parameters as well as sensory descriptors. PP C kept headspace composition close to suggested values for fresh green asparagus. Total color difference increased during the storage and it was highly correlated with chlorophyll-a and carotenoids, however, sensory color perception did not change significantly until 22 days of storage. PP C maintained ascorbic acid concentrations close to the initial levels, limited total phenolic compound loss to 24% (45% in PP MA), determined an increase of 72% in fiber content and small changes in lignin value; enzymatic changes were significantly inhibited. Significant sensorial differences were detected after 22 days of storage, with PP C performing better than PP MA. PP C film was confirmed as the best choice, limiting weight loss and maintaining a fresh-like appearance during 30 days of storage, thus allowing an extension in postharvest life

Effects of Light Exposure, Bottle Colour and Storage Temperature on the Quality of Malvasia delle Lipari Sweet Wine

The influence of light exposure, bottle color and storage temperature on the quality parameters of Malvasia delle Lipari (MdL) sweet wine were investigated. Wine samples bottled in clear-colored (colorless, green and amber) glass were stored under different artificial lighting conditions, in order to simulate the retail environment (one cool-white, fluorescent lamp) and to perform an accelerated test (four and six cool-white, fluorescent lamps). The storage temperature was kept constant (25 °C) for the first 90 days of the experiment and then samples were monitored for up to 180 days at higher temperatures (30, 35 and 40 °C). The principal enological parameters, total phenols, color, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2-furaldehyde (2F) contents were studied. The shelf-life test pointed out minimum variations of the basic chemical parameters, while the quality attributes most affected by lighting were color, together with HMF and 2F levels which, hence, can be considered as indicators of the severity of storage conditions

Integrated agronomical and technological approach for the quality maintenance of ready-to-fry potato sticks during refrigerated storage

The paper addresses the effect of nitrogen fertilization rate, storage time, packaging film and locust bean gum (LBG)-based edible coating on the quality maintenance of fresh-cut ready-to-fry potato sticks. Quality change was assessed monitoring color and firmness, microbiological parameters and content of bioactive components. Results demonstrate that the highest (280 kg haâ1) nitrogen fertilization rate determines rapid color changes, lower firmness and faster microbial (total mesophilic bacteria and yeasts and molds) growth. Similarly, excess in nitrogen fertilization rate determines lower ascorbic acid levels and a faster loss of nutritional value during storage, while the LBG coating was effective at reducing color changes and microbial growth. Results highlight the need for accurate management of nitrogen fertilization in order to obtain high quality fresh-cut potato sticks, and point out that excess nitrogen fertilization levels enhance the proneness to physical, microbial and nutritional changes

The effect of sous vide packaging with rosemary essential oil on storage quality of fresh-cut potato

Selection of suitable raw materials and technologies are essential for the fresh-cut segment, since they represent key factors to be competitive in the modern markets. This study aimed at assessing the suitability of six early potato cultivars, grown in an experimental field, for minimal processing. In particular, the sous vide packaging method, in association with rosemary essential oil (REO), was evaluated as a strategy for the quality preservation of sliced potatoes. Physical, mechanical, chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics were monitored in order to estimate qualitative changes of the product over refrigerated storage. Results demonstrated that the synergic use of REO and sous vide packaging had a positive effect on texture, and limited the growth of mesophilic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae over the storage period; it also ensured a certain retention of ascorbic acid, total polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity. Hence, the proposed technological strategy could represent a valid solution for the preservation of sliced potatoes, contributing to limit, for the most suitable cultivars identified as Fontane and Marabel, the quality decrease until 11 days of cold storage