Corrigendum. Maars to calderas: end-members on a spectrum of explosive volcanic depressions

A corrigendum on Maars to calderas: end-members on a spectrum of explosive volcanic depressions by Palladino, D. M., Valentine, G. A., Sottili, G., and Taddeucci, J. (2015). Front. Earth Sci. 3:36. doi: 10.3389/feart.2015.00036 Reason for Corrigendum: In the original article (Palladino et al., 2015), there was an error in Figure 1. The vertical axis of the qualitative plot reported erroneously “ratio of juvenile to lithic materials in deposits outside of depression”. The correct wording is as follows: “ratio of juvenile to total (i.e., juvenile+lithic) materials in deposits outside of depression”. In fact, as it was reported correctly in the text, the amount of juvenilematerial (i.e., scoria or pumice) deposited ouside the different types of explosive volcanic depressions increases from zero (i.e., no juvenile, all lithic products), as is the case of hydrothermal (phreatic) explosion craters, to become largely dominant over the lithic component in the case of ash flow deposits associated with large overpressure collapse calderas. The corrected Figure 1 appears below. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way

Towards Recommender Systems for Police Photo Lineup

Photo lineups play a significant role in the eyewitness identification process. This method is used to provide evidence in the prosecution and subsequent conviction of suspects. Unfortunately, there are many cases where lineups have led to the conviction of an innocent suspect. One of the key factors affecting the incorrect identification of a suspect is the lack of lineup fairness, i.e. that the suspect differs significantly from all other candidates. Although the process of assembling fair lineup is both highly important and time-consuming, only a handful of tools are available to simplify the task. In this paper, we describe our work towards using recommender systems for the photo lineup assembling task. We propose and evaluate two complementary methods for item-based recommendation: one based on the visual descriptors of the deep neural network, the other based on the content-based attributes of persons. The initial evaluation made by forensic technicians shows that although results favored visual descriptors over attribute-based similarity, both approaches are functional and highly diverse in terms of recommended objects. Thus, future work should involve incorporating both approaches in a single prediction method, preference learning based on the feedback from forensic technicians and recommendation of assembled lineups instead of single candidates

Species Segregation and Functional Groups in the Hill Country of New Zealand

In the hill country of New Zealand, the soil-sward relationship on hill microrelief was studied. Three categories of slope or microsites were distinguished: low, medium and high. The hypothesis was that soil variables of neighbouring microsites differ, and because of this, there is a segregation of species or functional groups of species between the microsites. Soil features, botanical composition and total annual yield were measured in the slope categories in two similar paddocks; one of which had received long-term phosphorus fertilisation and a non-fertilised paddock. ANOVA, cluster analysis and canonical variate analysis were performed on the data. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, slope, bulk density, volumetric soil moisture, soil total nitrogen content, soil phosphorus content and soil compressibility explained most of the variation between microsites. All the measured variables showed that differences amongst microsites were larger than between paddocks. The soil of the low slopes was more developed and fertile than the soil of the other microsites. From the botanical composition, seven functional groups were determined. Low slope microsites yielded significantly greater dry matter than medium and high slopes and were dominated by high fertility grasses and Lolium perenne. Low fertility species and Agrostis capillaris dominated the high slope category. Dicotyledons that colonised high fertility and species with low presence were indifferent to changes in the soil variables. The group of medium fertility species was intermediate between the high and low fertility groups. In conclusion, environmental variables segregated species and functional groups. Species and functional groups differed in ecological strategy. High competitors dominated in environments with high availability of resource. Environments with low resources availability were dominated by stress tolerant species

Long-term survival in lung transplant recipients after successful preoperative coronary revascularization

ObjectiveCoronary artery disease is considered a contraindication to lung transplantation. We studied effect of pre-lung transplantation nonobstructive coronary artery disease and revascularized coronary artery disease on long-term lung transplant survival.MethodsClinical courses of 172 lung transplant recipients from December 1990 to May 2003 were reviewed. Significant coronary artery disease, defined as left main stenosis of greater than 50% or other epicardial vessel stenosis of greater than 70%, was present in 7 patients; 6 received percutaneous coronary intervention and 1 received coronary artery bypass grafting before transplantation.ResultsGroups were similar with regard to sex, race, or length of intensive care days. The group with normal coronary arteries was significantly younger than the groups with coronary artery disease. The revascularized group had a significant increase in dysrhythmias (P < .003) and 1-, 3-, and 5-year survivals of 85%, 85%, and 69%, respectively. Those with insignificant coronary artery disease (14 patients) demonstrated a 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival of 64%, 40%, and 32%, respectively. The normal coronary group (151 patients) had a 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival of 75%, 58%, and 40%, respectively. The revascularized group had a significant survival advantage compared with that of the insignificant coronary artery disease group (P < .04, log-rank test).ConclusionLong-term survival of lung transplant recipients with revascularized coronary arteries is similar to that of subjects with normal coronary arteries, despite an increased incidence of dysrhythmias. Lung transplant recipients with insignificant coronary artery disease had a worse survival than the revascularized group. More studies are needed to ascertain the cause and determine the optimal management for lung transplant recipients with insignificant coronary artery disease

Facile O-atom insertion into C-C and C-H bonds by a trinuclear copper complex designed to harness a singlet oxene

Two trinuclear copper [CuICuICuI(L)]1+ complexes have been prepared with the multidentate ligands (L) 3,3'-(1,4-diazepane-1,4-diyl)bis(1-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)(methyl)amino)propan-2-ol) (7-Me) and (3,3'-(1,4-diazepane-1,4-diyl)bis(1-((2-(diethylamino) ethyl)(ethyl) amino)propan-2-ol) (7-Et) as models for the active site of the particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO). The ligands were designed to form the proper spatial and electronic geometry to harness a "singlet oxene," according to the mechanism previously suggested by our laboratory. Consistent with the design strategy, both [CuICuICuI(L)]1+ reacted with dioxygen to form a putative bis(µ3-oxo)CuIICuIICuIII species, capable of facile O-atom insertion across the central C-C bond of benzil and 2,3-butanedione at ambient temperature and pressure. These complexes also catalyze facile O-atom transfer to the C-H bond of CH3CN to form glycolonitrile. These results, together with our recent biochemical studies on pMMO, provide support for our hypothesis that the hydroxylation site of pMMO contains a trinuclear copper cluster that mediates C-H bond activation by a singlet oxene mechanism

Microrheology with optical tweezers: data analysis

We present a data analysis procedure that provides the solution to a long-standing issue in microrheology studies, i.e. the evaluation of the fluids' linear viscoelastic properties from the analysis of a finite set of experimental data, describing (for instance) the time-dependent mean-square displacement of suspended probe particles experiencing Brownian fluctuations. We report, for the first time in the literature, the linear viscoelastic response of an optically trapped bead suspended in a Newtonian fluid, over the entire range of experimentally accessible frequencies. The general validity of the proposed method makes it transferable to the majority of microrheology and rheology techniques

Reverse Micelles in Integral Membrane Protein Structural Biology by Solution NMR Spectroscopy

SummaryIntegral membrane proteins remain a significant challenge to structural studies by solution NMR spectroscopy. This is due not only to spectral complexity, but also because the effects of slow molecular reorientation are exacerbated by the need to solubilize the protein in aqueous detergent micelles. These assemblies can be quite large and require deuteration for optimal use of the TROSY effect. In principle, another approach is to employ reverse micelle encapsulation to solubilize the protein in a low-viscosity solvent in which the rapid tumbling of the resulting particle allows for use of standard triple-resonance methods. The preparation of such samples of membrane proteins is difficult. Using a 54 kDa construct of the homotetrameric potassium channel KcsA, we demonstrate a strategy that employs a hybrid surfactant to transfer the protein to the reverse micelle system

Urban climate change, livelihood vulnerability and narratives of generational responsibility in Jinja, Uganda

There is an urgent need to understand lived experiences of climate change in the context of African cities, where even small climate shocks can have significant implications for the livelihoods of the urban poor. This article examines narratives of climate and livelihood changes within Jinja Municipality, Uganda, emphasizing how Jinja's residents make sense of climate change through their own narrative frames rather than through the lens of global climate change discourses. We demonstrate how the onset of climate change in Jinja is widely attributed to perceived moral and environmental failings on the part of a present generation that is viewed as both more destructive than previous generations and unable to preserve land, trees and other resources for future generations. A focus on local ontologies of climate change highlights how the multiple, intersecting vulnerabilities of contemporary urban life in Jinja serve to obfuscate not only the conditions of possibility of an immediate future, but the longer-term horizons for future generations, as changing weather patterns exacerbate existing challenges people face in adapting to wider socio-economic changes and rising livelihood vulnerability. This form of analysis situates changing climate and environments within the context of everyday urban struggles and emphasizes the need for civic participation in developing climate change strategies that avoid the pitfalls of climate reductionism. The article draws on more than 150 qualitative interviews, generational dialogue groups, and creative methods based on research-led community theatre