Latter research on Euler-Mascheroni constant

In this work, we present a review and an example on some latter results on the problem of approximating the Euler-Mascheroni constant. We use the method firstly introduced in [C. Mortici, Product Approximations via Asymptotic Integration Amer. Math. Monthly 117 (5) (2010) 434-441].Comment: 8 page

The Necessity to Introduce the Accounting Rules and Fair Value in the Conceptual Framework

AbstractIn this paper, I present the fact that important organisations, such as FASB in the United States of America and IASC accept the accounting model of evaluation at fair value which substitutes the historical cost model. Supporters of innovation find the principles, tenets and conventions of any kind, in a way not only to adapt better to the reality, but also to anticipate developments. Although we do not provide evidences as the model for the initial and future evaluations of assets and liabilities (financial and/or non-financial) company, the fair value is the measure of evaluation the most relevant because the trades made on the day of their development reflect the reality of the moment and all the tools that need to be negotiated quickly by the company determine the getting a quick gain. The acceptance of the fair value by all potential users should be subject to a prior agreement

FAIR VALUE: UTILITY AND LIMITS

This paper presents the utility and the limits of the fair value. We believe that any new product must be tried and tested before being imposed on the market and must be accepted by all potential users and those who will be affected, directly or indirectly and its advantages, disadvantages, risks, its cost must be predetermined and analyzed in a comprehensive and objective.We ask: Do financial statements at fair value meet users' expectations? The requirement to use fair value pricing model that was carrying was not accompanied by a parallel examination of its impact on the presentation of accounts

Existence and uniqueness theorem for Frenet frame supercurves

In the first part of this paper,using the Banach Grassmann algebra $BL$ given by Rogers in her paper [10],a new scalar product and a new definition of the orthogonality are introduced on the $(m,n)$-dimensional total supereuclidean space ${BL}m+n$. Using the GH∈fty functions given by Rogers in [10], the new definitions of the supercurve, of the supersmooth supercurve, of the supersmooth supercurve in general position and of the Frenet frame associated to a supersmooth supercurve in general position are given. In second part of this paper, using the classical results described in [9], the new existence and uniqueness theorem for some supercurves which admit Frenet frame is proved

HISTORICAL COST ACCOUNTING OR FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING FROM THE EARNINGS AND ASSET IMPAIRMENT PERSPECTIVE

This article studies the earnings and practice of depreciation of assets through the two accounting valuation systems: fair value accounting or historical cost accounting. It balances the methods used in each of the two accounting valuation systems: historical cost accounting and fair value accounting. Many firms that did use value in use to arrive at their asset impairment loss will have declined a net realizable value figure as this would have been reduce than the value in use figure. If the firms had used net realizable value instead of value in use, this would have cause a higher asset impairment charge. For the firms that use net realizable value for the purposes of determining the asset impairment charge this indicates that their net realizable value is higher than any calculated value in use figure. In this way, that many firms report using more than one valuation method depending on the type of asset that is impaired and the results become difficult to indicate any conclusions based on the information available, despite the initial observation that value in use appears very used. I claim that the use of fair value concept may have a different effect on the earnings quality for Romania because of less liquid or inactive markets. In this way, fair values will more probably be estimated by the use of valuation techniques which enables earnings management and could lead to lower quality of reported earnings. Then, earnings under more fair value-based reporting system have less aggregate quality rankings for firms in Romania. I get the evidence that the extent of more fair-value-based other comprehensive income is negatively related to aggregate earnings quality for firm

ACCOUNTING PARADIGMS WHICH FAVOR HISTORICAL COST

Henning Kirkegaard shows that the evolution of accounting is to shift from one paradigm to another . Business continuity perspective should guide the company into the future , without confine it exclusively in the past. Accounting in its classical form , however, can not be dissociated from the historical cost evaluation

HISTORICAL COST ACCOUNTING OR FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

The two paradigms about the accounting valuation systems are discussed: historical cost accounting and fair value accounting. The advantages and disadvantages of the historical cost accounting and fair value accounting in the historical perspective are balanced. Each of two estimation bases could not resolve all the problems. The value of the items presented in the financial statements is a key aspect, being more dependent on more evaluation systems, that may estimate and reproduce the exact reality of the entity. In 2009, Bignon, Biondi and Ragot argue that the usage of FVA is limited by asymmetries of information, complementarities and specificities. In presence of these conditions, the evaluations based on fair value can endanger the\ud reliability of accounts and introduce the risk of incorporating financial volatility into the accounts. They have chosen for the historical cost. In 2008, Ronen considered the fair value as a methodology that encompasses different approaches for the estimation of exit values. In real economy, the concept of physical maintenance of capital should prevail and, in it, the “original” series should be restricted to the “numeraire” values: cash and cash substitutes. The elements considered as “derivative” value are evaluated by means of the only reliable method: the HCA. This would allow to define, in the most complex generalization, a mixed “system”, where every entity could assess each items that are financial investments then evaluated according to FVA. Then, they are attributed to the first series, and the items belong to a ‘physical combination ordered to the production of income’. Then, they are evaluated according to HCA

HARMONIZATION, HISTORICAL COST AND INVESTMENTS

Choosing depreciation of assets; revaluation of tangible or keeping their historical cost; registration, whilst the tangible assets are entered in the conservation of amortization expenses or a corresponding adjustment to depreciation expense ascertained; choosing the method of evaluating stocks is accounting policies. IAS 40 is significant because it was the first time the International Accounting Standards Board has introduced a fair value accounting model for non-financial assets. All firms must provide fair value for their real estate assets either directly in the balance sheet in accordance with the fair value model choice, either in the footnotes below cost model selection