Magnetometer suitable for Earth field measurement based on transient atomic response

We describe the development of a simple atomic magnetometer using $^{87}$Rb vapor suitable for Earth magnetic field monitoring. The magnetometer is based on time-domain determination of the transient precession frequency of the atomic alignment around the measured field. A sensitivity of 1.5 nT/$\sqrt{Hz}$ is demonstrated on the measurement of the Earth magnetic field in the laboratory. We discuss the different parameters determining the magnetometer precision and accuracy and predict a sensitivity of 30 pT/$\sqrt{Hz}$Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Polarization squeezing of light by single passage through an atomic vapor

We have studied relative-intensity fluctuations for a variable set of orthogonal elliptic polarization components of a linearly polarized laser beam traversing a resonant $^{87}$Rb vapor cell. Significant polarization squeezing at the threshold level (-3dB) required for the implementation of several continuous variables quantum protocols was observed. The extreme simplicity of the setup, based on standard polarization components, makes it particularly convenient for quantum information applications.Comment: Revised version. Minor changes. four pages, three figure

Pediatric Stroke: A Review

Stroke is relatively rare in children, but can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Understanding that children with strokes present differently than adults and often present with unique risk factors will optimize outcomes in children. Despite an increased incidence of pediatric stroke, there is often a delay in diagnosis, and cases may still remain under- or misdiagnosed. Clinical presentation will vary based on the child's age, and children will have risk factors for stroke that are less common than in adults. Management strategies in children are extrapolated primarily from adult studies, but with different considerations regarding short-term anticoagulation and guarded recommendations regarding thrombolytics. Although most recommendations for management are extrapolated from adult populations, they still remain useful, in conjunction with pediatric-specific considerations

Universal dissipation scaling for non-equilibrium turbulence

It is experimentally shown that the non-classical high Reynolds number energy dissipation behaviour, $C_{\epsilon} \equiv \epsilon L/u^3 = f(Re_M)/Re_L$, observed during the decay of fractal square grid-generated turbulence is also manifested in decaying turbulence originating from various regular grids. For sufficiently high values of the global Reynolds numbers $Re_M$, $f(Re_M)\sim Re_M$.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Optimization of Robustness of Complex Networks

Networks with a given degree distribution may be very resilient to one type of failure or attack but not to another. The goal of this work is to determine network design guidelines which maximize the robustness of networks to both random failure and intentional attack while keeping the cost of the network (which we take to be the average number of links per node) constant. We find optimal parameters for: (i) scale free networks having degree distributions with a single power-law regime, (ii) networks having degree distributions with two power-law regimes, and (iii) networks described by degree distributions containing two peaks. Of these various kinds of distributions we find that the optimal network design is one in which all but one of the nodes have the same degree, $k_1$ (close to the average number of links per node), and one node is of very large degree, $k_2 \sim N^{2/3}$, where $N$ is the number of nodes in the network.Comment: Accepted for publication in European Physical Journal

Long-term manipulation of soil moisture availability alters ecosystem processes in eastern Amazonian forest regrowth, Brazil.

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Desenvolvimentos recentes no domínio da conexão aço concreto no contexto das estruturas mistas

Este trabalho apresenta desenvolvimentos recentes sobre conexão aço-concreto para estruturas mistas. Os estudos realizados envolvem campanhas experimentais com diversos tipos de conectores de cisalhamento, utilizando-se concreto normal e concretos leves de alta resistência. A caracterização do comportamento das conexões tem sido realizada através de ensaios tipo push-out. Os resultados experimentais recentemente obtidos são comparados com resultados de outros autores. Os resultados das pesquisas que vêm sendo realizadas indicam uma boa perspectiva de utilização de novos conectores de cisalhamento no contexto das estruturas mistas de aço e concreto.This work presents recent developments on steel-concrete connection in composite structures. The accomplished studies involve experimental programs with various types of shear connectors, using normal weight, as well as lightweight concrete. The behaviour of shear connectors has been assessed through push-out tests. The experimental results recently obtained are compared with results from other authors. The results of the research programme that has been carried out in the last few years show good perspective for the use of new types of shear connectors in steel-concrete composite structures

Análise experimental de um conector de cisalhamento em chapa de aço endentada para estruturas mistas de aço e concreto

Este trabalho apresenta o projeto e os resultados de ensaios tipo push-out de um novo conector de cisalhamento constituído por uma chapa de aço endentada. O conector proposto possui saliências e reentrâncias trapezoidais que proporcionam resistência ao cisalhamento longitudinal e previnem a separação transversal entre o perfil metálico e a laje de concreto (uplift). Além disso, as aberturas no conector facilitam a disposição das barras de armadura. A capacidade da conexão pode ser variada em função tanto da armadura transversal ao conector como da resistência do concreto. A instalação dos conectores é simples, podendo ser feita com solda comum, sem a necessidade de equipamentos especiais no canteiro de obras. Devido à sua resistência última, um conector em chapa endentada pode substituir um número significativo de conectores tipo pino com cabeça (stud). O comportamento do novo conector foi analisado e comparado com o de conectores existentes, no caso o Perfobond e o stud, no que se refere à capacidade última e à ductilidade da conexão, avaliando a influência de diversas características geométricas e mecânicas. Os estudos realizados indicam que o conector em chapa endentada proposto apresenta um comportamento adequado associado a diversas vantagens construtivas e econômicas