CATEGORY OF MODALITY IN ENGLISH AND TATAR PROVERBS: COMPARATIVE ASPECT

Purposes: The article discusses one of the most significant and contradictory categories in linguistics, the category of modality, using the proverbs of two different structural languages like English and Tatar. Methodology: The basic methods of scientific research are the statistics method, method of comparative and quantities analyses of the data, method of description. Implications/Applications A systematic study of the complex of multilevel means of expressing the category of modality will help to study the mechanism of action of this category as a functional-semantic subsystem of the language, to determine its essence, volume and boundaries in such different structural languages as English and Tatar. Results: The results of the study allow us to conclude that the representation of the category of modality is similar in languages ​​of different structures, which may become the basis for assuming the similarity of semantic processes in both languages. Novelty: The problem of determining modality is still debatable, and research on how to express it in different languages is relevant. The authors give a classification of the selected proverbs; determine the criteria for comparison, on the basis of which determine the general and various ways of expressing modality in folklore texts

Association of gene polymorphisms with body weight changes in prediabetic patients

Recent research has demonstrated that Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) risk is influenced by a number of common polymorphisms, including MC4R rs17782313, PPARG rs1801282, and TCF7L2 rs7903146. Knowledge of the association between these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and body weight changes in different forms of prediabetes treatment is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms within the MC4R, PPARG, and TCF7L2 genes on the risk of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and body composition changes in overweight or obese patients with early carbohydrate metabolism disorders. From 327 patients, a subgroup of 81 prediabetic female patients (48.7 ± 14.8 years) of Eastern European descent participated in a 3-month study comprised of diet therapy or diet therapy accompanied with metformin treatment. Bioelectrical impedance analysis and genotyping of MC4R rs17782313, PPARG rs1801282, and TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphisms were performed. The MC4R CC and TCF7L2 TT genotypes were associated with increased risk of T2D (OR = 1.46, p = 0.05 and OR = 2.47, p = 0.006, respectively). PPARG CC homozygotes experienced increased weight loss; however, no additional improvements were experienced with the addition of metformin. MC4R TT homozygotes who took metformin alongside dietary intervention experienced increased weight loss and reductions in fat mass (p < 0.05). We have shown that the obesity-protective alleles (MC4R T and PPARG C) were positively associated with weight loss efficiency. Furthermore, we confirmed the previous association of the MC4R C and TCF7L2 T alleles with T2D risk. [Abstract copyright: © 2022. The Author(s).

Formation of student”™s basic linguistic competence in teaching the Latin Language

 The general education status of Latin taught in higher educational institutions is discussed in this article; the role of Latin in the formation of the students”™ basic linguistic competence, which strengthens the forming potential of each linguistic discipline including the block of basic linguistic preparation, is analyzed. The authors reveal a professional orientation of the course of Latin, a basis of forming basic linguistic competence. The authors”™ researches about an effective way of its formation are of special interest. In article traditional methods of studying the Latin language and the results of the experimental study on Techno R technology which is developed at the Department of Romance philology at Leo Tolstoy Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication of the Kazan Federal University are described. The Techno R technology, which methodological basis consists of the theory of transfer, the theory of intellectual actions of P. Y. Galperin, the theory of methods of informative practical activities, according to the authors, is the effective instrument of forming basic linguistic competence of students. The results received during the experimental study were subjected to statistical processing by Student”™s T-criterion. The received value is &gt; 2 which testifies to the efficiency of Techno R technology. The experimental studies were conducted on the basis of assimilation of the Latin grammar. Now the experimental study on the basis of word formation is being pepared

Multidisciplinary lifestyle management approach in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in real clinical practice. Results of application “Life is easy” programme in Russia

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease with high medical and social impact due to its wide and ever-increasing prevalence, high hospitalization and mortality rates. Despite the whole range of therapeutic options, lifestyle intervention remains as important as ever since it underlies guidelines of T2DM management. AIMS: To evaluate the effect of intensive lifestyle management approach on body weight reduction and on long-term maintenance of the achieved results in patients with T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed multicenter, interventional, prospective, non-randomized 12 month study. One hundred thirty overweight (obese) patients with T2DM included in the study were divided into two groups: group of lifestyle intervention (n=100) and control group (n=30). Patients in the group of lifestyle intervention participated in the intensive lifestyle modification and body weight reduction programme, which consisted of components: change in diet plan, physical exercise programme, cognitive behavioral techniques, educational and medical support. Clinical assessment and completing of patient questionnaires were performed at baseline, after 3 and 12 months. Patients in the control group did not attend programme, their clinical data were recorded during clinical visits every 3 months. RESULTS: Ninety patients (90%) in the group of lifestyle intervention and twenty nine patients (96.7%) in the control group completed the study and fulfilled protocol. After 12 months, patients in the group of lifestyle intervention lost 5.8% of their baseline weight and patients in the control group showed 1.2% decrease of their baseline weight. Body weight loss &ge;5% was observed in 49.2% of patients in the group of lifestyle intervention and in 12.9% of patients in the control group (OR=6.54 [2.01; 21.33]; р=0.002). By the end of observation, delta reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the intervention group was higher than in the control group (0.79% and 0.11%, respectively), the odds ratio for lowering HbA1c &gt;0.5% from baseline between two groups was 14.10 [3.24; 61.30] (p&lt;0.001) in favor of the group of lifestyle intervention. 58.3% patients in the group of lifestyle intervention with baseline level of HbA1c &gt;7% (n=48) achieved a HbA1c target of &le;7%; in the control group two patients (13.3%) out of fifteen with baseline level of HbA1c &gt;7% achieved the target after 3 months and returned to baseline by the end of observation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the programme of intensive lifestyle modification in patients with T2DM is highly efficient and safe

Diabetes mellitus type 1 in adults

Public organization &ldquo;Russian Association of Endocrinologists&rdquo;. Clinical guidlines

Diabetes mellitus type 2 in adults

Public organization &ldquo;Russian Association of Endocrinologists&rdquo;. Clinical guidelines.&nbsp

Genomic and metabolomic profiling of endolithic Rhodococcus fascians strain S11 isolated from an arid serpentine environment

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