The effect of exercise on the body during the period of educational-cognitive activity of the student

In the article the processes of influence of physical exercises on the human body. Updated the importance of regular physical activity. Identified the need for systematic training not only in the classroom for physical education in higher education, but also in self-training, subject to the physical condition of the body and the proper selection of means of physical cultureВ статье рассмотрены процессы влияния занятий физическими упражнениями на организм человека. Актуализировано значение регулярных физических нагрузок. Выявлена необходимость систематических занятий не только на учебных занятиях по физической культуре в вузе, но и в самостоятельной подготовке с условием учета физического состояния организма и правильного подбора средств физической культур

Two New LBV Candidates in the M33 Galaxy

We present two new luminous blue variable (LBV) candidate stars discovered in the M33 galaxy. We identified these stars (Valeev et al. 2010) as massive star candidates at the final stages of evolution, presumably with a notable interstellar extinction. The candidates were selected from the Massey et al. (2006) catalog based on the following criteria: emission in Halpha, V<18.5 and 0.35<(B-V)<1.2. The spectra of both stars reveal a broad and strong Halpha emission with extended wings (770 and 1000 km/s). Based on the spectra we estimated the main parameters of the stars. Object N45901 has a bolometric luminosity log(L/Lsun)=6.0-6.2 with the value of interstellar extinction Av=2.3+-0.1. The temperature of the star's photosphere is estimated as Tstar~13000-15000K its probable mass on the Zero Age Main Sequence is M~60-80Msun. The infrared excess in N45901 corresponds to the emission of warm dust with the temperature Twarm~1000K, and amounts to 0.1% of the bolometric luminosity. A comparison of stellar magnitude estimates from different catalogs points to the probable variability of the object N45901. Bolometric luminosity of the second object, N125093, is log(L/Lsun)=6.3-6.6, the value of interstellar extinction is Av=2.75+-0.15. We estimate its photosphere's temperature as Tstar~13000-16000K, the initial mass as M~90-120Msun. The infrared excess in N125093 amounts to 5-6% of the bolometric luminosity. Its spectral energy distribution reveals two thermal components with the temperatures Twarm~1000K and Tcold~480K. The [CaII] lines (7291A and 7323A), observed in LBV-like stars VarA and N93351 in M33, are also present in the spectrum of N125093. These lines indicate relatively recent gas eruptions and dust activity linked with them. High bolometric luminosity of these stars and broad Halpha emissions allow classifying the studied objects as LBV candidates.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Search for LBV Candidates in the M33 Galaxy

A total of 185 luminous blue variable (LBV) candidates with V < 18.5 and B-V < 0.35 are selected based on the photometrical Survey of Local Group Galaxies made by P. Massey et al. 2006. The candidates were selected using aperture photometry of H-alpha images. The primary selection criterion is that the prospective candidate should be a blue star with H-aplha emission. In order not to miss appreciably reddened LBV candidates, we compose an additional list of 25 presumably reddened (0.35 < B-V < 1.2, V < 18.5) emission star candidates. A comparison with the list of known variables in the M33 galaxy showed 29% of our selected candidates to be photometrically variable. We also find our list to agree well with the lists of emission-line objects obtained in earlier papers using different methods.Comment: 6 figure

Финансово-экономические результаты работы российских железных дорог в условиях реформирования

The performance of companies in the real sector of the economy is highly relevant for the economic development of the country. The Joint Stock Company “Russian Railways” (the JSCo “RZD”) occupies a special place in the Russian economy, since it does 45% of the total cargo turnover and more than 25% of passenger traffic in the country. The aim of the article is to identify trends in key financial and economic indicators of the Russian railways in the context of the structural reform of the industry. The objective of the study is to develop a methodology for the long-term management of the financial and economic performance of the railways, as well as recommendations for its sustainable growth. The authors analyzed the financial and economic performance of the JSCo “RZD” for 15 years. They used the analysis of time series, logical and analytical method, as well as benchmarking — comparative analysis based on reference indicators. It is shown that with a low but positive profitability, the company’s financial and economic situation can be improved. The authors reviewed the dynamics of the operating costs ratio, whose value has an excessively high level in the JSCo “RZD”. To identify ways to achieve the optimum level of operating costs ratio, an analysis of financial and economic indicators of the US railway companies was conducted. The factors contributing to the systematic improvement of the operating costs ratio were revealed. Among them are: increase in the JSCo “RZD” market opportunities and their competent use based on flexible adaptation to market conditions and changing customer needs; attraction of private and private-state investments. On this basis, the following actions are proposed for improving the financial and economic indicators of the JSCo “RZD”: monitoring of the operating costs ratio; developing a scenario program to improve the long-term competitiveness and effectiveness of the Russian Railways for the period of 2025–2035. The materials of the article are of practical importance and can be used by public authorities, transport companies, as well as for the educational purposes.Эффективность деятельности компаний реального сектора экономики имеет высокую значимость для экономического развития страны. Открытое акционерное общество «Российские железные дороги» (ОАО «РЖД») занимает особое место в экономике России, поскольку выполняет 45% общего грузооборота и более 25% пассажирооборота в стране. Цель статьи — выявление тенденций изменения ключевых финансово-экономических показателей работы российских железных дорог в условиях структурной реформы отрасли. Поставлена задача выработать методологию долгосрочного управления финансово-экономической эффективностью железных дорог, а также рекомендации по обеспечению ее устойчивого роста. Авторы проанализировали финансово-экономические результаты деятельности ОАО «РЖД» на протяжении 15 лет. В исследовании использованы методы: анализа динамических рядов, логико-аналитический, а также бенчмаркинг — сопоставительный анализ на основе эталонных показателей. Показано, что при невысокой, но положительной рентабельности финансово-экономическое положение компании может быть улучшено. Авторами рассмотрена динамика коэффициента эксплуатационных издержек, величина которого в ОАО «РЖД» имеет чрезмерно высокий уровень. Для выявления направлений достижения оптимального уровня коэффициента эксплуатационных издержек проведен анализ финансово-экономических показателей железнодорожных компаний США. Вскрыты факторы, способствующие планомерному улучшению значений коэффициента эксплуатационных издержек. Среди них: расширение рыночных возможностей ОАО «РЖД» и их умелое использование на основе гибкой адаптации к рыночной конъюнктуре и изменяющимся запросам клиентов; привлечение частных и частно-государственных инвестиций. На основании проведенного анализа разработаны предложения, способствующие улучшению финансово-экономических показателей ОАО «РЖД». А именно: организовать мониторинг коэффициента эксплуатационных издержек; приступить к разработке сценарной программы повышения долгосрочной конкурентоспособности и эффективности холдинга «РЖД» на период 2025–2035 гг. Материалы статьи имеют практическую значимость и могут быть использованы органами государственной власти, транспортными компаниями, а также в учебном процессе

Mössbauer study of the magnetic phase composition of single-crystalline rutile (TiO2) implanted with iron ions

Depth-resolved Mössbauer measurements have been performed for four ferromagnetic samples obtained by the implantation of iron ions (enriched to ∼ 50% with 57Fe isotope) into single-crystalline rutile (TiO2) substrates with two crystallographic orientations [(100) and (001)] at different temperatures (300 and 900 K). It is established that the ferromagnetic properties of iron-implanted rutile samples at room temperature are determined by the presence of α-Fe and Fe3O4 phases. The phase composition of samples obtained by iron implantation into substrates heated to 900 K depends on the crystallographic orientation of the substrate, which is explained by a significant anisotropy of the diffusion of iron atoms in rutile. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2009

Optical Identification of Four Hard X-ray Sources from the Swift All-Sky Survey

We present the results of our optical identifications of four hard X-ray sources from the Swift all-sky survey. We obtained optical spectra for each of the program objects with the 6-m BTA telescope (Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Arkhyz), which allowed their nature to be established. Two sources (SWIFT J2237.2+6324} and SWIFT J2341.0+7645) are shown to belong to the class of cataclysmic variables (suspected polars or intermediate polars). The measured emission line width turns out to be fairly large (FWHM ~ 15-25 A), suggesting the presence of extended, rapidly rotating (v~400-600 km/s) accretion disks in the systems. Apart from line broadening, we have detected a change in the positions of the line centroids for SWIFT J2341.0+7645, which is most likely attributable to the orbital motion of the white dwarf in the binary system. The other two program objects (SWIFT J0003.3+2737 and SWIFT J0113.8+2515) are extragalactic in origin: the first is a Seyfert 2 galaxy and the second is a blazar at redshift z=1.594. Apart from the optical spectra, we provide the X-ray spectra for all sources in the 0.6-10 keV energy band obtained from XRT/Swift data.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, will be published in Astronomy Letters, 38, No.5, pp.281-289 (2012

iPTF16fnl: a faint and fast tidal disruption event in an E+A galaxy

We present ground-based and \textit{Swift} observations of iPTF16fnl, a likely tidal disruption event (TDE) discovered by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) survey at 66.6 Mpc. The lightcurve of the object peaked at absolute $M_g=-17.2$ mag. The maximum bolometric luminosity (from optical and UV) was $L_p~\simeq~(1.0\,\pm\,0.15) \times 10^{43}$ erg/s, an order of magnitude fainter than any other optical TDE discovered so far. The luminosity in the first 60 days is consistent with an exponential decay, with $L \propto e^{-(t-t_0)/\tau}$, where $t_0$=~57631.0 (MJD) and $\tau\simeq 15$ days. The X-ray shows a marginal detection at $L_X=2.4^{1.9}_{-1.1}\times 10^{39}$ erg/s (\textit{Swift} X-ray Telescope). No radio counterpart was detected down to 3$\sigma$, providing upper limits for monochromatic radio luminosity of $\nu L_{\nu} < 2.3\times10^{36}$ erg/s and $\nu L_{\nu}<1.7\times 10^{37}$ erg/s (VLA, 6.1 and 22 GHz). The blackbody temperature, obtained from combined \textit{Swift} UV and optical photometry, shows a constant value of 19,000 K. The transient spectrum at peak is characterized by broad He II and H$\alpha$ emission lines, with an FWHM of about 14,000 km/s and 10,000 km/s respectively. He I lines are also detected at $\lambda\lambda$ 5875 and 6678. The spectrum of the host is dominated by strong Balmer absorption lines, which are consistent with a post-starburst (E+A) galaxy with an age of $\sim$650 Myr and solar metallicity. The characteristics of iPTF16fnl make it an outlier on both luminosity and decay timescales, as compared to other optically selected TDEs. The discovery of such a faint optical event suggests a higher rate of tidal disruptions, as low luminosity events may have gone unnoticed in previous searches.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Spectroscopic observations of the exoplanet WASP-32b transit

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.We present first results of spectroscopic observations of transiting exoplanets in the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the Main Stellar Spectrograph of the 6-m BTA telescope. For the exoplanetWASP-32b, we detected a significant variation of intensity and equivalent width in the Hα spectral line of the parent star at the time of a transit. The equivalent width of the line during transit is by 8–10% larger than outside the planet passage. Residual intensity in the core of the line reveals the following tendency: the line is by 10–15% deeper inside transit than outside it. Observations with the long-slit spectrograph of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory at the 2.6-m ZTSh telescope also showed a transit event in the Hα line, although, with a smaller amplitude and shape inverted in relation to the data from the 6-m telescope. While in the observations with the BTA the Hα line becomes deeper during the transit, in the ZTSh observations, the residual intensity of the Hα line decreases during the transit. Reducing and analysis of the archive data of WASP-32b observations with the HARPS spectrograph also confirm the Hα line modulation at the time of the transit. The observed data give evidence of the envelope in WASP-32b filling the Roche lobe and a comet-like tail of changing geometry and orientation relative to the observer. These changes determine different depths and shapes of the Hα spectral line at the time of transits