Genetic markers in neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is one of the most frequent solid pediatric tumors. Its clinical course and response to treatment are both markedly heterogenic. Such a varied spectrum demands genomic hallmarks to be established for the sake of identifying the molecular mechanisms, which initiate the tumor and lead to malignant progression. The contemporary biological and genetic revelations regarding neuroblastoma are a crucial part of determining the diagnosis, stratifying the risk, and developing new treatment strategies. Such systems of risk assessment appraise clinical, histopathological, and genetic variables. Among them are classifiers of gene expression, changes in the number of copies and somatic mutation models, chromosomal aberrations. Different studies suggest new prognostic markers, including gene signatures, telomerase activity, as well as epigenetic markers. Contemporary studies have contributed the means of molecular characterization of blood and tumor samples, among which high-yield technologies for analysis of DNA, microRNA, and other non-coding RNAs.Neuroblastoma is one of the most frequent solid pediatric tumors. Its clinical course and response to treatment are both markedly heterogenic. Such a varied spectrum demands genomic hallmarks to be established for the sake of identifying the molecular mechanisms, which initiate the tumor and lead to malignant progression. The contemporary biological and genetic revelations regarding neuroblastoma are a crucial part of determining the diagnosis, stratifying the risk, and developing new treatment strategies. Such systems of risk assessment appraise clinical, histopathological, and genetic variables. Among them are classifiers of gene expression, changes in the number of copies and somatic mutation models, chromosomal aberrations. Different studies suggest new prognostic markers, including gene signatures, telomerase activity, as well as epigenetic markers. Contemporary studies have contributed the means of molecular characterization of blood and tumor samples, among which high-yield technologies for analysis of DNA, microRNA, and other non-coding RNAs

On Soliton Interactions for a Hierarchy of Generalized Heisenberg Ferromagnetic Models on SU(3)/S(U(1) ×\times U(2)) Symmetric Space

We consider an integrable hierarchy of nonlinear evolution equations (NLEE) related to linear bundle Lax operator L. The Lax representation is Z2 \times Z2 reduced and is naturally associated with the symmetric space SU(3)/S(U(1) \times U(2)). The simplest nontrivial equation in the hierarchy is a generalization of Heisenberg ferromagnetic model. We construct the N-soliton solutions for an arbitrary member of the hierarchy by using the Zakharov-Shabat dressing method with an appropriately chosen dressing factor. Two types of soliton solutions: quadruplet and doublet solitons are found. The one-soliton solutions of NLEEs with even and odd dispersion laws have different properties. In particular, the one-soliton solutions for NLEEs with even dispersion laws are not traveling waves; their velocities and their amplitudes are time dependent. Calculating the asymptotics of the N-soliton solutions for t \rightarrow \pm \infty we analyze the interactions of quadruplet solitons

Imaging methods used in diagnosing sarcopenia

Sarcopenia is a developing concept that encompasses loss of muscle mass and function. It is primarily associated with advancing age and chronic disease. Sarcopenia is currently regarded as a patient-specific biomarker with prognostic value for clinical and surgical outcomes. Contemporary medical imaging approaches for establishing the diagnosis of sarcopenia are based on the assessment of muscle mass. This includes the following modalities: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and ultrasound (US). All of these methods can, to a varying degree, deliver quantitative data that is reproducible and comparable in time. DEXA is the most widely available method in clinical practice, with advantages such as accessibility, automatization of the measurement, as well as widely accepted normal value ranges. CT and MR are considered to be referent standards; both allow planimetric and volumetric quantification of muscle and fatty tissue. They necessitate the manual intervention of a human operator and come at a higher cost. US is a universally available non-ionizing imaging method, which, however, finds limited application in the diagnosis of sarcopenia (primarily in assessing thigh musculature). US is a universally available non-ionizing method, which, however, finds limited application in the diagnosis of sarcopenia (mainly in the evaluation of the thigh musculature) due to the heavy dependence of the examination on the operator as well as the resulting difficult reproducibility and the unpredictable limitations of the acoustic window

Video steganography with steganalysis

This paper presents steganographic algorithm, for hiding secret text in raw video files. The implementing and extraction method are described and empirical tests are performed to evaluate the security of the proposed algorithm. The steganographic analysis includes files comparison, histogram analysis, Peak to signal noise ratio and Chi-square analysis

Ultrasound diagnosis of congenital kidney anomalies in childhood

Вродените аномалии на отделителната система в детска възраст са честа патология в детската нефрология. Познаването на клиничната им проява и възможностите за диагностика определят своевременно поставяне на диагнозата и е профилактика на хроничното бъбречно заболяване. Ултразвуковото изследване дава възможност за диагностициране на някои аномалии на бъбреците още след 20 г.с., както и постна-тално. Аномалии като бъбречна агенезия, хипоплазия, хидронефроза, нарушения в структурата и позицията на бъбреците имат характерен ехографски образ. Ултразвуковото изследване е водещо в алгоритъма от образни изследвания в диагностиката на аномалиите на бъбреците в детска възраст. То се наложи като рутинно в клиничната практика. Всички деца на 6-месечна възраст подлежат на ултразвуково изследване на отделителната система с оглед търсене и откриване на аномалии. Доказването им определя правилния терапевтичен подход: оперативно лечение при необходимост или проследяване с цел профилактика на инфекциите на пикочните пътища.Congenital anomalies of the excretory system in childhood are a common pathology in pediatric nephrology. Knowing the clinical manifestations and the diagnostic opportunities leads to a timely diagnosis and prophylaxis of chronic kidney disease. Ultrasound examinations allow diagnosis of some kidney abnormalities after as early as 20 weeks of age, as well as postnatally. Anomalies such as renal agenesia, hypoplasia, hydronephrosis, structure and position disturbances have a characteristic echographic pattern. Ultrasound research is leading in the algorithm of medical imaging studies in the diagnosis of kidney anomalies in childhood. It has become routine in clinical practice. All children at 6 months of age are subject to ultrasound examination of the urinary system to search for and detect anomalies. Discovering them defines the right therapeutic approach: operative treatment as needed or follow-up prevention of urinary tract infections. It has become routine in clinical practice

Ultrasound diagnostics of congenital kidney anomalies in children

Вродените аномалии на отделителната система в детска възраст са честа патология в детската нефрология. Познаването на клиничната им проява и възможностите за диагностика определя своевременно поставяне на диагнозата и е профилактика на хроничното бъбречно заболяване. Ултразвуковото изследване дава възможност за диагностициране на някои аномалии на бъбреците още след 20 г.с., както и постнатално. Аномалии като бъбречна агенезия, хипоплазия, хидронефроза, нарушения в структурата и позицията на бъбреците имат характерен ехографски образ. Ултразвуковото изследване е водещо в алгоритъма от образни изследвания в диагностиката на аномалиите на бъбреците в детска възраст. То се наложи като рутинно в клиничната практика. Всички деца на 6 месечна възраст подлежат на ултразвуково изследване на отделителната система с оглед търсене и откриване на аномалии. Доказването им определя правилния терапевтичен подход: оперативно лечение при необходимост или проследяване с цел профилактика на инфекциите на пикочните пътища.The congenital anomalies of the excretory system in children are a frequent pathology in pediatric nephrology. The proper understanding of their clinical presentation and the diagnostic possibilities determines the timely diagnosis, and acts as chronic kidney disease prevention. Ultrasound diagnostics provide the possibility of diagnosing some kidney anomalies even after the 20th gestational week, as well as postnatally. Anomalies such as renal agenesis, hypoplasia, hydronephrosis, and impairment of the structure and position of the kidneys have a characteristic ultrasound image. Ultrasound diagnostics have a major role in the algorithm of imaging studies when diagnosing kidney anomalies in children. They have become routine in clinical practice. All 6-month-old children are subjected to ultrasound diagnostics of the excretory system with the aim of searching and discovering possible anomalies. Their diagnosis determines the proper therapeutic approach: surgical treatment, if needed, or monitoring with the aim of preventing urinary tract infections

Embolization of bronchial arteries in cases of life-threatening bleeding

Massive hemoptysis is a frightening and potentially life-threatening clinical event. Hemoptysis represents a sig­nificant clinical entity with high morbidity and potential mortality. Bronchial artery angiography with embolization has become a mainstay in the treatment of hemoptysis. Bronchial artery embolization offers a minimally invasive procedure for even the most compromised patient serving as first-line treatment for hemorrhage as well as providing a bridge to more definitive medical or surgical intervention focused upon the etiology of the hemorrhage

Examining The Effect Of The Online Radiological Consultation Platform StatDx

StatDx е онлайн платформа за бърза справка в полза на клиничните радиолози и образни диагностици. Състои се от редица свързани помежду си статии за диагнози и диференциални диагнози, позволяващи бързо и интуитивно търсене, сортиране и сравнение на нозологични единици и образни белези. Системата е снабдена с богат диапазон от изображения, включително схеми и образи от различните образни модалности, всички от които подробно анотирани. Тази система бе въведена за ползване в Клиниката по образна диагностика в УМБАЛ „Света Марина“ – Варна в началото на 2017 г. Над година след това бе проведено вътрешно анонимно проучване на индивидуалните мнения на ползващите я лекари – в това число 14 специалисти по образна диагностика и 8 специализанти. Добитите данни демонстрират преобладаващо позитивна оценка на платформата StatDx в клиниката.StatDx is an online consultation platform for clinical radiologists and diagnostic imaging specialists. It comprises a large database of interconnected articles on diagnoses and differential diagnoses, allowing for quick and intuitive searches, sorting, and comparison between varying disease entities and between their imaging characteristics. This system is richly illustrated with vast amounts of drawings, schematics and imaging studies, all of which comprehensively annotated. StatDx was introduced to the Department of Diagnostic Imaging at St. Marina University Hospital, Varna in early 2017. Over a year later an anonymous internal study was conducted among the physicians using this system – including 14 specialists in Radiology and 8 Radiology interns. The data acquired pointed at a predominantly positive assessment of StatDx at the Department

Cortical laminar necrosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Кортикалната ламинарна некроза е рядко наблюдавана при пациент след емболизиране на мозъчна аневризма. Съобщаваме случай на 51-годишна пациентка, която след емболизация на мозъчната аневризма на дясната средна мозъчна артерия остава в коматозно състояние.От извършения ядрено-магнитен резонанс имаше висок интензитет на сигнала в темпоралния лоб на мозъка на T2- изображенията, и линеарен хиперинтензитет по протежение на мозъчните кората на T1-изображенията с дифузно усилване на мозъчната кора.Cortical laminar necrosis has rarely been observed in a patient after coil embolization. We report a 51-year-old female patient who became comatose after the embolization of an aneurysm in the right middle cerebral artery. There were high signal intensities in the temporal brain on T2-weighted MRI images and linear hyperintensities along the cerebral cortices on T1-weighted images with a diffuse gyriform enhancement