BecA-ILRI Hub capacity building program: Empowering African scientists and institutions to solve Africa’s agricultural challenges

<p>Bars show medians, *p<0.05, **p<0.01 Dunn's tests vs. controls. # p<0.05 two-tails, Mann-Whitney -test vs. controls.</p

TAP median (left panel) and standard deviation (right panel) reaction times across Tonic (A) and Phasic (B) Task for patients with narcolepsy and for healthy controls.

<p>The Tonic/Phasic Task was systematically administered at the beginning (Time 1) and end (Time 2) of the evaluation. Means (±SEM) are given. [Group^a, Time^b, Group x Time^c effects: all <i>p-value</i>s<0.001]</p

Demographic, clinical, and polysomnographic characteristics of patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy, narcolepsy without cataplexy, and healthy controls.

<p>Data are presented as means±standard deviations. PSG refers to Polysomnography; MSLT, Multiple Sleep Latency Test; SOREMPs, Sleep onset Rapid Eye Movement Periods; REM, Rapid Eye Movement; SWS, Slow Wave Sleep. SaO_2: Oxygen saturation.</p>a<p>One-way ANOVA.</p>b<p>Chi-square test.</p>c<p>Mann-Whitney test.</p>d<p>Narcolepsy/Cataplexy vs. Controls.</p>e<p>Narcolepsy/Cataplexy vs. Narcolepsy without Cataplexy.</p>f<p>Narcolepsy vs. Controls.</p>g<p>Narcolepsy without Cataplexy vs. Controls.</p

TAP median reaction times (A), standard deviation reaction times (B) and errors (C) for patients with narcolepsy and for healthy controls.

<p>Means (± SEM) are given.</p

Score obtained on the 7 sections of the Self-Evaluation Attention Questionnaire (QAA) for patients with narcolepsy and for healthy controls.

<p>Mean (±SEM) are given.</p

Rate of participants showing impairments in none, 1, 2, and 3 executive TAP tasks and in the nature of the executive deficit.

<p>Rate of participants showing impairments in none, 1, 2, and 3 executive TAP tasks and in the nature of the executive deficit.</p

Western blot detection of a band corresponding to the hypocretin precursor protein (16 KDa) in the rat hypothalamic homogenate.

<p><b>A</b>. Detection using human IgG autoAbs affinity purified for hypocretin-1 peptide from sera of NC patients. <b>B</b>. Detection using commercial rabbit anti-hypocretin-1 antiserum. Columns 1, 2 and 3 correspond to 75, 50 and 25 µg, respectively, of protein amount from the hypothalamic homogenate loaded into the gel. Molecular weight markers (KDa) are shown on the left.</p

Serum levels of free (A), total (B) and percentage of immune complexes (C) of IgA autoAbs reactive with hypocretin-1 in subjects with central hypersomnia and controls.

<p>Bars show medians, **p<0.01 Dunn's tests vs. controls. # p<0.05, two-tails, Mann-Whitney-tests vs. controls and #a, p<0.05, one-tail Mann-Whitney test.</p

Serum levels of anti-idiotypic IgM autoAbs reactive with hypocretin-1 IgG autoAbs in subjects with central hypersomnia and controls.

<p>Bars show means, *p<0.05, Tukey's test vs. controls. # p<0.05 and ## p<0.01, Student's t-test, two-tails vs. controls.</p

Clinical and biological characteristics of patients with central hypersomnia including narcolepsy-cataplexy (NC), narcolepsy without cataplexy (NWC) and idiopathic hypersomnia (HI).

<p>Significant differences,</p><p><b>^a</b>NC vs. NWC,</p><p><b>^b</b>NC vs. HI,</p><p><b>^c</b>NWC vs. HI.</p