REMOVAL OF PHENOL USING POLYMER COATED MAGNETIC NANOPARTICULAR ACTIVATED CARBON

Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Phenol is a toxic organic pollutant which is present in many industrial effluent streams originating from petrochemical industry, ceramic production process, wood plants and resin manufacturing plants. Phenol is difficult to remove from most wastewater effluent streams. In the presented study, phenol removal from wastewater sample was investigated using the adsorption method. The experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption performance of activated carbon (AC), magnetic activated carbon (MagAC), styrenebutadiene styrene magnetic activated carbon (SBS/MagAC) and poly charbonat magnetic activated carbon (PC/MagAC) samples. The effects of various parameters, for example, temperature, solid-liquid ratio, adsorbent type, initial phenol concentrations and solution pH were investigated under similar experimental conditions. The results showed that the maximum adsorption of 98-99% was achieved at low pH values with the use of both AC and MagAC adsorbent materials. It was also found that the polymer coated magnetic materials did not perform very well at high pH values. The experimental data also showed that MagAC and SBS/MagAC were more effective than AC and PC/MagAC to remove phenol. In conclusion, we found that phenol can be removed more easily from the aqueous medium by using both magnetic and polymeric materials.Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversity, Research Project Coordination Unit, project (19/081/01/1/1)

THE EFFECTS OF GAMMA RADIATION ON CRUDE OIL YIELD AND GERMINATION OF SUNFLOWER-TANAY VARIETY (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) SEEDS

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of gamma rays on crude oil yield, seedling growth, germination and antimicrobial activity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). As plant materials, sunflower variety Tanay seeds were used and irradiated with doses of 0 (control), 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 Gy gamma radiation. Irradiation was performed in a cesium (Ce137) Gammacell 3000 Elan source, dose rate about 9.75 Gy/min (2900 Ci) in the Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine in the department of the radiological.To determine seed viability, tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test was performed. Moisture amount of seeds were also measured by AOCS standarts and seeds were subjected to germination tests. The seeds were treated with 100 ppm doses of GA3 for 24 hours (GA), soaking for 24 hours (SB), preheating for 24 hours in a week (PH) and precooling for 24 hours in a week (PC) for optimization of germination.The result showed that the highest crude oil yield was also obtained from 400 Gy. As a result of testing of seed viability, 95% viability in seeds was determined. In 12L/12D light photoperiod, 25% germination in seeds was detected at GA application the highest, the lowest 5% germination in seeds was determined in PC application. It was found that minimum and maximum values ranged between 5.72and 10.81% for humidity rate.Extraction of the seed of Sunflower-Tanay was done with soxhlet apparatus using petroleum ether by hot continuous extraction for 6 hours. Antimicrobial activity of Sunflower-Tanay extract were tested by a disk diffusion method. Extracts of the H.annuus L.(sunflower)-Tanay showed no antimicrobial activity against M.luteus NCIMB 13267 and E. coli ATCC 25922

THE EFFECTS OF GAMMA RADIATION ON CRUDE OIL YIELD AND GERMINATION OF SUNFLOWER-TANAY VARIETY (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) SEEDS

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of gamma rays on crude oil yield, seedling growth, germination and antimicrobial activity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). As plant materials, sunflower variety Tanay seeds were used and irradiated with doses of 0 (control), 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 Gy gamma radiation. Irradiation was performed in a cesium (Ce137) Gammacell 3000 Elan source, dose rate about 9.75 Gy/min (2900 Ci) in the Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine in the department of the radiological.To determine seed viability, tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test was performed. Moisture amount of seeds were also measured by AOCS standarts and seeds were subjected to germination tests. The seeds were treated with 100 ppm doses of GA3 for 24 hours (GA), soaking for 24 hours (SB), preheating for 24 hours in a week (PH) and precooling for 24 hours in a week (PC) for optimization of germination.The result showed that the highest crude oil yield was also obtained from 400 Gy. As a result of testing of seed viability, 95% viability in seeds was determined. In 12L/12D light photoperiod, 25% germination in seeds was detected at GA application the highest, the lowest 5% germination in seeds was determined in PC application. It was found that minimum and maximum values ranged between 5.72and 10.81% for humidity rate.Extraction of the seed of Sunflower-Tanay was done with soxhlet apparatus using petroleum ether by hot continuous extraction for 6 hours. Antimicrobial activity of Sunflower-Tanay extract were tested by a disk diffusion method. Extracts of the H.annuus L.(sunflower)-Tanay showed no antimicrobial activity against M.luteus NCIMB 13267 and E. coli ATCC 25922.</p

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Synthesis of ZrO₂ and ZrO₂/SiO₂ particles and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue</span>

1434-1439<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB">SiO2 particles (0.6 µm dia.) have been synthesized from tetraethyl orthosilicate and then decorated with ZrO2 synthesized from zirconium tetrabutoxide. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been used to characterize the ZrO2 and ZrO2/SiO2 catalysts. The results reveal that there are Si-O-Zr bridges between SiO2 and ZrO2 particles and ZrO2 deposited on the SiO2 surface. FT-IR analysis shows Si-O-Zr bonding at 1073 cm-1. XRD analysis shows that amorphous SiO2 and tetragonal ZrO2 particles are formed at 500 °C. SEM and TEM analyses show that SiO2 and ZrO2/SiO2 nanocomposite particles have a spherical morphology with diameter of 700-750 nm and a uniform particle size. Photoactivity of ZrO2 and ZrO2/SiO2 particles has been investigated in the presence of ozone under UV light with methylene blue as a sample pollutant. Pseudo-first order kinetic model gives R2 values to be 0.69-0.97 and 0.79-0.93 for ZrO2 and ZrO2/SiO2 respectively. This study proves that ozone assisted ZrO2/SiO2 catalyst is an effective and fast-reacting system for photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants present in wastewater.</span

The Effect of Different Gamma Radiation Doses Applied on Tokak 157/37 Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Karahan 99 Wheat (Triticum aestivum) on M1 Generation

In this research study, the dose of different gamma radiation on seed germination of Hordeum vulgare TOKAK 157/37 barley kind and KARAHAN 99 wheatTriticum aestivum, and the mechanisms of the dose required to maximize the rate and percentage of germination and increased growth of root, seedling, TAEK was conducted in Ankara. The moisture rate has been %11, the barley and wheat seeds whose germination per cent is 98 % has been irradiated with 9 different doses between 0-600Gy in the centre of 60Co which has 1.92 kGy/h powers. The objective of that work was to evaluate determine the efficient gamma radiation dose and to determine the physiological effects and the action of the processing for gamma radiation in plant kinds. At the laboratory experiment it has been seen that the percentage of germination of rising radiation doses has no effect on M1 generation, but after diminishing of root length and seedling height with rising radiation doses it has been determined that the growth of the first leaf has stopped on the 14th day and this event has been given importance statistically for TOKAK 157/37 barley kind, 50 % efficient dose has been determined as ED50 485 Gy, for KARAHAN 99 wheat kind, 50 % efficient dose has been determined as ED50 370 Gy

The Effect of Different Gamma Radiation Doses Applied on Tokak 157/37 Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Karahan 99 Wheat (Triticum aestivum) on M1 Generation

In this research study, the dose of different gamma radiation on seed germination of Hordeum vulgare TOKAK 157/37 barley kind and KARAHAN 99 wheatTriticum aestivum, and the mechanisms of the dose required to maximize the rate and percentage of germination and increased growth of root, seedling, TAEK was conducted in Ankara. The moisture rate has been %11, the barley and wheat seeds whose germination per cent is 98 % has been irradiated with 9 different doses between 0-600Gy in the centre of 60Co which has 1.92 kGy/h powers. The objective of that work was to evaluate determine the efficient gamma radiation dose and to determine the physiological effects and the action of the processing for gamma radiation in plant kinds. At the laboratory experiment it has been seen that the percentage of germination of rising radiation doses has no effect on M1 generation, but after diminishing of root length and seedling height with rising radiation doses it has been determined that the growth of the first leaf has stopped on the 14th day and this event has been given importance statistically for TOKAK 157/37 barley kind, 50 % efficient dose has been determined as ED50 485 Gy, for KARAHAN 99 wheat kind, 50 % efficient dose has been determined as ED50 370 Gy.</p

TiO2, WO3, AND V2O5, SUPPORTED ON ACTIVATED CARBON: PREPARATION, STRUCTURAL AND CATALYTIC BEHAVIOUR IN PHOTOCATALYTIC TREATMENT OF PHENOL AND LIGNIN FROM OLIVE MILL WASTEWATER

The photocatalytic degradation of olive mill wastewater (OMW) of TiO2/V2O5/AC and TiO2/WO3/AC (activated carbon) catalysts, prepared by a sol–gel method in aqueous solution was investigated. Initially, the TiO2/V2O5/AC and TiO2/ WO3/AC nanoparticles were obtained using a sufficient thermal treatment by gradually increasing the temperature from 300, 400 and 500oC with 1 h intervals for a total of 3 h. Then, the characterizations of these materials were carried out using (SEM), (TEM), (EDX), (FTIR) and X- (XRD). Secondly; the photocatalytic degradation of these materials has been investigated in OMW using ultraviolet (UV), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nanoparticles. İnitially, chemical coagulation experiments with lime and alum have been carried out to obtain more treatment. In the photolytic degradation, the effect of catalysis, times, pH, H2O2 and temperature were selected as parameters. The results show that the removal percentage of color, phenol and lignin increased with the use of H2O2 and O3 together. The percentage removals of color for TiO2/WO3/AC, TiO2/V2O5/AC were 89.55 and 86.30% respectively. In addition, the percentage removals for phenol were 94.30, 96.26% and for lignin 51.96 and 48.08%, respectively. Optimum values for the degradation of color and phenol were found at pH 7.0 using TiO2/WO3/AC, and TiO2/V2O5/AC, whereas, the optimum degradation for lignin was achieved when the solution was pH9.0 for the same nanocomposite materials. The optimum time and temperature were found 24 h at 308K. The pseudo-first order model was applied and R2 values were from 0.90 to 0.99