Aloittelijasta mestariksi : pyöräilyn kasvuun vaikuttavat toimenpiteet eurooppalaisissa kaupungeissa

The aim of the study is to provide knowledge about the measures, with which it is possible to increase the modal share of cycling in urban traffic. Specific attention focuses to the means, what the cities can do to raise the modal share over 15 % and even more than 30 %. These limit values are based on PRESTO-project financed by European Union (2009−2012). In the PRESTO-project was developed the model, in which the cities were classified to three levels according the modal share of cycling: starters, climbers and champions. In this study were ten European example cities that were divided to these three levels. In starter cities is the share of cycling under 15 %, in climber cities 15–30 % and in champion cities over 30 %. From the example cities starters are Geneva, Strasbourg and Stockholm. Climbers are Freiburg, Ghent, Odense and Växjö. And in the level of champion are Copenhagen, Groningen and Houten. Every city has promoted cycling for decades, but in spite of that the portion of cycling differs between the cities. The study is qualitative. The material has been collected by theme interviews and observation in example cities. The interviews were made 24. Interviewees were traffic planners and urban planners of the cities and volunteers of cycling organizations. Observation was made both systematicly and with free form. The subjects of the observation were cycling infrastructure, traffic network and general transport system in the cities. The data was analysed by qualitative content analysis. The results of the study indicated, that the quality of cycling infrastructure has a very considerable influence to the quantity of cycling. Starter cities have to build high-quality main routes from residential areas to centres and working place areas. Climber cities have to extend the quality level to the whole cycle network. The planning principles should be adopted from the Netherlands and Denmark. There are best cycling infrastructure and the level of cycle planning. In addition to well planned cycle routes is comprehensive traffic network planning essential. Locating of activities is not enough to ensure the competitiveness of cycling in land use planning. Starters have to reduce car traffic in resindential areas and city centre. Climbers have to improve the competitiveness of cycling by offering short cuts to cyclists, when car drivers have to make a detour. Cycle parking conditions are also crucial in the beginning of the trip and in destinations. Promotion of cycling requires good political will. In the starter cities it is significant to provide more knowledge and good experiences to decision makers. In the climber cities it is essential to ensure that cycling – in addition to walking - is a primary mode of traffic to promote.Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on lisätä ymmärrystä ja tuottaa tietoa, millä toimenpiteillä pyöräilyn kulkutapaosuutta on mahdollista kasvattaa kaupunkiliikenteessä. Erityinen kiinnostus kohdistuu siihen, mitkä toimenpiteet kaupunkien täytyy tehdä, jotta kulkutapaosuus on mahdollista kasvattaa yli 15 %:iin ja edelleen yli 30 %:iin. Nämä rajat pohjautuvat EU-rahoitteisessa PRESTO-projektissa (2009−2012) kehitettyyn malliin, jossa kaupungit jaettiin pyöräilyn kulkutapaosuuden mukan kolmeen luokkaan: aloittelijat, nousijat ja mestarit. Tässä tutkimuksessa on kymmenen eurooppalaista kohdekaupunkia, jotka jaettiin edellä mainittuihin ryhmiin. Aloittelijakaupungeissa pyöräilyn osuus kaikista matkoista on korkeintaan 15 %, nousijakaupungeissa 15–30 % ja mestarikaupungeissa yli 30 %. Tutkimuksen kohdekaupungeista aloittelijatasolla ovat Geneve, Strasbourg ja Tukholma. Nousijoita ovat Freiburg, Ghent, Odense ja Växjö. Mestariluokkaan kuuluvat Kööpenhamina, Groningen ja Houten. Kaikissa kaupungeissa on vuosikymmenien ajan tehty pyöräilyn edistämiseen tähtäävää työtä, mutta siitä huolimatta kulkutapaosuudet eroavat kaupunkien välillä.Tutkimus on laadullinen tapaustutkimus. Aineisto on koottu teemahaastatteluilla ja havainnoinnilla kohdekaupungeissa. Haastateltavana oli yhteensä 24 liikennesuunnittelijaa, kaupunkisuunnittelijaa ja pyöräilyjärjestöjen vapaaehtoista. Havainnointia tehtiin sekä systemaattisesti että vapaamuotoisella lomakkeella. Havainnoinnin kohteena olivat kaupunkien pyöräilyinfrastruktuuri, liikenneverkko sekä yleinen liikennejärjestelmä. Aineisto analysoitiin laadullisella sisällönanalyysilla.Tutkimuksen tulosten mukaan pyöräilyinfrastruktuurin laadulla on merkittävä vaikutus pyöräilyn määrään kaupungeissa. Aloittelijakaupunkien on tärkeää toteuttaa korkeatasoiset pääväylät asuinalueilta keskuksiin ja työpaikkakeskittymiin. Nousijakaupungeissa laatutaso tulee laajentaa koko verkolle. Väyläsuunnittelun perusratkaisut on haettava Alankomaista ja Tanskasta, joissa pyöräilyinfrastruktuurin laatu ja suunnitteluperiaatteet ovat parhaimmalla tasolla. Laadukkaiden väylien lisäksi liikenneverkon kokonaissuunnittelu on olennaista. Maankäytön suunnittelussa pelkkä toimintojen sijoittelu ei riitä takaamaan pyöräilyn kilpailukykyä, vaan eri kulkutapojen liikenneverkko tulee suunnitella pyöräilyä suosivaksi. Aloittelijakaupungeissa tulee rajoittaa autoliikennettä asuinalueilla ja keskuksissa. Nousijakaupungeissa pyöräilyn kilpailukykyä tulee parantaa toteuttamalla oikoreittejä pyöräilijöille ja johtamalla autot kiertoreiteille. Myös pysäköinnin järjestäminen matkan alku- ja loppupäässä on olennaista. Pyöräilyn edistäminen vaatii poliittista tahtoa. Aloittelijakaupungeissa tulee tuottaa päätöksentekijöille lisää tietoa ja hyviä kokemuksia. Nousijakaupungeissa on olennaista varmistaa, että pyöräily on – kävelyn ohella – ensisijainen kulkutapa, jota edistetään

Framework for implementing track deterioration analytics into railway asset management

Purpose: Recent research outputs can be difficult to implement into ongoing safety critical processes. Hence, research is well beyond current practices in railway asset management. This paper demonstrates the process of creating tangible change within a railway asset management organization by introducing a framework for advancing track geometry deterioration analyses (TGDA) in practice. Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted in three parts: (1) maturity models were reviewed and adapted as the basis for the framework, (2) the initial maturity level was investigated by conducting semi-structured expert interviews, and (3) a framework for development was created in cooperation with stakeholders during three workshops. The methodology and findings were tested and applied in the Finnish state rail network asset management. Findings: The main output of this study is the framework for advancing TGDA in railway asset management. The novel framework provides structure for controlled incremental development, which is essential when altering a safety critical process. Practical implications: The research process was successfully applied in Finland. Following the steps presented in this article, any organization can apply the framework to plan their development schemes for railway asset management. Originality/value: Full-scale implementation of novel models and methods is often overlooked, which prevents practical asset management from obtaining tangible benefits from research. This research provides an innovative approach in narrowing the overlooked research gap and brings research results within the reach of practitioners.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Vitality from Walking and Cycling

Vitality from walking and cycling presents results from PYKALA II –project which was carried out in 2009-2013 in Transport Research Centre Verne of Tampere University of Technology. The aim of the project was to produce new knowledge in order to tap into the potential for walking and cycling even better. The four components of the project were increasing the share of cycling in urban traffic, pedestrian areas as part of city life, developing the monitoring of walking and cycling and best practices in cycling winter maintenance processes as well as in cost-benefit analyses of cycling schemes. Material was collected from several European countries and cities. Case cities in the project were Linkoping, Lund and Umea (Sweden); Copenhagen (Denmark); Nijmegen, Delft, Utrecht and ‘s-Hertogenbosch (the Netherlands); Sheffield and Peterborough (Great Britain) and Oulu (Finland). In addition, expert interviews were held with Gehl Architects (Copenhagen) and Decisio companies (Amsterdam) as well as in TU Delft. The purpose of this book is to serve as stimulus for developing highquality walking and cycling conditions in Finnish cities. The book gathers diverse knowledge for instance on how improving pedestrian conditions affects businesses and how geographical data may be utilized in the designing of a cycling network. In addition, it provides concrete guidance for designing spaces for pedestrians and to improve cycling conditions year-round. One picture is worth a thousand words, and thus the results are presented with the help of multitude of figures. This book is continuation to Best European practices in promoting cycling and walking, which was published in 2011 by Transport Research Centre Verne

Socio-Ecological Intervention to Promote Active Commuting to Work:Protocol and Baseline Findings of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in Finland

Active commuting to work (ACW) is beneficial to traffic, environment and population health. More evidence is needed on effective ways to promote ACW. This paper describes the protocol and baseline findings of a cluster-randomized controlled study, which aims to promote ACW with multilevel strategies in two large workplace areas in Tampere, Finland. In Phase 1, the impacts of environmental strategies (trail improvements) were evaluated in 11 workplaces within Area 1. In Phase 2, five more workplaces were recruited from Area 2 to evaluate the impacts of social and behavioral strategies customized for each workplace. For this purpose, the workplaces in both areas were randomly assigned into experimental group (EXP, n = 6 + 2), which promoted ACW with social and behavioral strategies or into comparison group (COM, n = 5 + 3), which participated in the data collection only. The primary indicator in both phases is the change in employees’ ACW. Secondary indicators are e.g., changes in employees’ self-rated health, wellbeing at work, restrictions to and motivation for ACW, adverse effects due to ACW and the use and quality of the main walking and cycling trails. Also process, efficiency and environmental evaluation is included. The study is the first one in Finland to combine interdisciplinary collaboration between practitioners and researchers working in the fields of transportation, urban design, physical activity and sustainable development to promote ACW. The findings benefit all stakeholders interested in promoting ACW in urban context

Vitality from Walking and Cycling

Vitality from walking and cycling presents results from PYKALA II –project which was carried out in 2009-2013 in Transport Research Centre Verne of Tampere University of Technology. The aim of the project was to produce new knowledge in order to tap into the potential for walking and cycling even better. The four components of the project were increasing the share of cycling in urban traffic, pedestrian areas as part of city life, developing the monitoring of walking and cycling and best practices in cycling winter maintenance processes as well as in cost-benefit analyses of cycling schemes. Material was collected from several European countries and cities. Case cities in the project were Linkoping, Lund and Umea (Sweden); Copenhagen (Denmark); Nijmegen, Delft, Utrecht and ‘s-Hertogenbosch (the Netherlands); Sheffield and Peterborough (Great Britain) and Oulu (Finland). In addition, expert interviews were held with Gehl Architects (Copenhagen) and Decisio companies (Amsterdam) as well as in TU Delft. The purpose of this book is to serve as stimulus for developing highquality walking and cycling conditions in Finnish cities. The book gathers diverse knowledge for instance on how improving pedestrian conditions affects businesses and how geographical data may be utilized in the designing of a cycling network. In addition, it provides concrete guidance for designing spaces for pedestrians and to improve cycling conditions year-round. One picture is worth a thousand words, and thus the results are presented with the help of multitude of figures. This book is continuation to Best European practices in promoting cycling and walking, which was published in 2011 by Transport Research Centre Verne.publishedVersio

Vitality from Walking and Cycling

Vitality from walking and cycling presents results from PYKALA II –project which was carried out in 2009-2013 in Transport Research Centre Verne of Tampere University of Technology. The aim of the project was to produce new knowledge in order to tap into the potential for walking and cycling even better. The four components of the project were increasing the share of cycling in urban traffic, pedestrian areas as part of city life, developing the monitoring of walking and cycling and best practices in cycling winter maintenance processes as well as in cost-benefit analyses of cycling schemes. Material was collected from several European countries and cities. Case cities in the project were Linkoping, Lund and Umea (Sweden); Copenhagen (Denmark); Nijmegen, Delft, Utrecht and ‘s-Hertogenbosch (the Netherlands); Sheffield and Peterborough (Great Britain) and Oulu (Finland). In addition, expert interviews were held with Gehl Architects (Copenhagen) and Decisio companies (Amsterdam) as well as in TU Delft. The purpose of this book is to serve as stimulus for developing highquality walking and cycling conditions in Finnish cities. The book gathers diverse knowledge for instance on how improving pedestrian conditions affects businesses and how geographical data may be utilized in the designing of a cycling network. In addition, it provides concrete guidance for designing spaces for pedestrians and to improve cycling conditions year-round. One picture is worth a thousand words, and thus the results are presented with the help of multitude of figures. This book is continuation to Best European practices in promoting cycling and walking, which was published in 2011 by Transport Research Centre Verne