મધ્યકાલીન ગુજરાતી અને ચારણી આખ્યાનો - એક તુલનાત્મક અધ્યયન

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Intrinsic selection biases of ground-based gravitational wave searches for high-mass BH-BH mergers

The next generation of ground-based gravitational wave detectors may detect a few mergers of comparable-mass M\simeq 100-1000 Msun ("intermediate-mass'', or IMBH) spinning black holes. Black hole spin is known to have a significant impact on the orbit, merger signal, and post-merger ringdown of any binary with non-negligible spin. In particular, the detection volume for spinning binaries depends significantly on the component black hole spins. We provide a fit to the single-detector and isotropic-network detection volume versus (total) mass and arbitrary spin for equal-mass binaries. Our analysis assumes matched filtering to all significant available waveform power (up to l=6 available for fitting, but only l<= 4 significant) estimated by an array of 64 numerical simulations with component spins as large as S_{1,2}/M^2 <= 0.8. We provide a spin-dependent estimate of our uncertainty, up to S_{1,2}/M^2 <= 1. For the initial (advanced) LIGO detector, our fits are reliable for $M\in[100,500]M_\odot$ ($M\in[100,1600]M_\odot$). In the online version of this article, we also provide fits assuming incomplete information, such as the neglect of higher-order harmonics. We briefly discuss how a strong selection bias towards aligned spins influences the interpretation of future gravitational wave detections of IMBH-IMBH mergers.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures, accepted by PRD. v2 is version accepted for publication, including minor changes in response to referee feedback and updated citation

A Rare Fatal Head Injury and Crush Injury to Leg by an Improperly Assembled Chaff Cutter – a farm Machinery-Related Injury in North-West India: a Case Report

Background: Chaff cutter, a commonly used fodder cutter machine in rural parts of India is responsible for a significant number of agricultural-related accidents. Mostly, these accidents lead to amputation of the upper extremities and the fatal injuries are extremely rare.Case Report: This article presents a very unusual case of fatal head injury and crush injury to right leg sustained by a farmer while working with a self-assembled chaff cutter machine in his field. His leg caught between the belt and the wheel of the diesel engine when he tried to cross it and resulted in such kind of fatal injuries.Conclusion: Despite existing rules regarding the quality norms for the farm machinery in India and the availability of high-quality, safe machinery in the market, self-assembled chaff cutters are still in use and are posing a risk to any person working around. Apart from explaining the mechanism of the fatal injuries, this paper also stresses mainly on the need for ensuring the use of government prescribed safe machines and conducting regular training programs for farmers regarding the safe handling of farm machinery to reduce these kinds of fatalities

Navigating Microaggressions in Online Learning Environments

Microaggressions are prevalent in academic online spaces and harm those involved. This showcase paper explores the literature around microaggressions and their impact in academia. The authors offer practical tips and tools for navigating microaggressions in the classroom, including how to engage in difficult dialogues with peers, students, and colleagues. Finally, strategies to create inclusive spaces in academia are discussed, specifically in a classroom setting or one-on-one interactions

Topological Insulators and Metals in Atomic Optical Lattices

We propose the realization of topological quantum states with cold atoms trapped in an optical lattice. We discuss an experimental setup that generates a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice in the presence of a light-induced periodic vector potential, which represents a realization of the Haldane model with cold atoms. We determine theoretically the conditions necessary for observing the topological states and show that two of the key conditions are: 1) the realization of sharp boundaries and 2) the minimization of any smoothly varying component of the confining potential. We argue that, unlike their condensed matter counterparts, cold atom topological quantum states can be i) "seen", by mapping out the characteristic chiral edge states, and ii) controlled, by controlling the periodic vector potential and the properties of the confining potential.Comment: 4+ pages, 5 color figure

Composition of eye cosmetics (kohls) used in Cairo

A total of 18 kohl samples were analysed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the samples were purchased in Cairo and eleven of them originated in Egypt. The main component of six samples was found to be galena (PbS); where four of these samples originated in Egypt and two in India. For a further ten samples the main component was found to be one of the following: amorphous carbon, calcite (CaCO3), cuprite (Cu2O), goethite (FeO(OH)), elemental silicon or talc (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2). For the last two samples the main component of each was an unknown amorphous organic compound

A study of the composition of some eye cosmetics (kohls) used in the United Arab Emirates

A total of 23 kohl samples was analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nineteen samples were obtained in Abu Dhabi and four in Dubai. None of the samples were made in the United Arab Emirates. The main component of 11 samples was found to be galena (PbS). For the remaining 12 samples, the main component was found to be one of the following: amorphous carbon, zincite (ZnO), sassolite (H3BO3) or calcite/aragonite (CaCO3). © 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Gravitational waves from eccentric intermediate mass binary black hole mergers

Owing to the difficulty of direct observation, mergers of intermediate-mass black hole binaries are relatively less understood compared to stellar-mass binaries; however, the gravitational waves from their last few orbits and ringdown fall in the band of ground-based detectors. Because the typical source is expected to circularize prior to entering LIGO or VIRGO's range, inspiral searches concentrate on circularized binaries. It is possible that events will be missed if there are sources with residual eccentricity. We study the variation of the signal to noise present in the dominant mode of the eccentric evolutions as a function of mass and eccentricity and also the relative contribution of the signal in the various spherical harmonic modes. The energy radiated in gravitational waves increases with eccentricity until the eccentricity becomes too high, leading to plunging trajectories, at which point the energy radiated decreases. This enhancement of the energy for initial eccentricities near the transition value translates into larger signal-to-noise ratios. Consequently despite the anticipated loss in the signal-to-noise ratio due to the use of quasi-circular detection templates, some eccentric signals potentially may be seen farther out than others

Intravalley Multiple Scattering of Quasiparticles in Graphene

We develop a theoretical description of intravalley scattering of quasiparticles in graphene from multiple short-range scatterers of size much greater than the carbon-carbon bond length. Our theory provides a method to rapidly calculate the Green's function in graphene for arbitrary configurations of scatterers. We demonstrate that non-collinear multiple scattering trajectories generate pseudospin rotations that alter quasiparticle interference, resulting in significant modifications to the shape, intensity, and pattern of the interference fringes in the local density of states (LDOS). We illustrate these effects via theoretical calculations of the LDOS for a variety of scattering configurations in single layer graphene. A clear understanding of impurity scattering in graphene is a step towards exploiting graphene's unique properties to build future devices