Extracting randomness from quantum 'magic'

Magic is a critical property of quantum states that plays a pivotal role in fault-tolerant quantum computation. Simultaneously, random states have emerged as a key element in various randomized techniques within contemporary quantum science. In this study, we establish a direct connection between these two notions. More specifically, our research demonstrates that when a subsystem of a quantum state is measured, the resultant projected ensemble of the unmeasured subsystem can exhibit a high degree of randomness that is enhanced by the inherent 'magic' of the underlying state. We demonstrate this relationship rigorously for quantum state 2-designs, and present compelling numerical evidence to support its validity for higher-order quantum designs. Our findings suggest an efficient approach for leveraging magic as a resource to generate random quantum states.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure

Effect of Co2 on the Phase Behavior of Normal Paraffins

Chemical Engineerin

Investigation of a Generalized Vapor-Liquid K Correlation for Hydrocarbons

Chemical Engineerin

Effective stress law for the permeability of a limestone

The effective stress law for the permeability of a limestone is studied experimentally by performing constant head permeability tests in a triaxial cell with different conditions of confining pressure and pore pressure. Test results have shown that a pore pressure increase and a confining pressure decrease both result in an increase of the permeability, and that the effect of the pore pressure change on the variation of the permeability is more important than the effect of a change of the confining pressure. A power law is proposed for the variation of the permeability with the effective stress. The permeability effective stress coefficient increases linearly with the differential pressure and is greater than one as soon the differential pressure exceeds few bars. The test results are well reproduced using the proposed permeability-effective stress law. A conceptual pore-shell model based on a detailed observation of the microstructure of the studied limestone is proposed. This model is able to explain the experimental observations on the effect of the total stress and of the pore pressure on the permeability of the limestone. Effective stress coefficients for the stress-dependent permeability which are greater than one are obtained. It is shown that the controlling factor is the ratio of the different bulk moduli of the various constituents of the rock. This ratio is studied experimentally by performing microhardness tests.Comment: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences (2008) In pres

El Dorado Micellar-Polymer Demonstration Project third annual report, June 1976--August 1977

The primary objectives of this project are to determine the economic feasibility of improved oil recovery using two micellar-polymer processes and to determine the associated benefits and problems of each process. The El Dorado Demonstration Project is designed to allow a side-by-side comparison of two distinct micellar-polymer processes in the same field so that the reservoir conditions for the two floods are as nearly alike as possible. Selection of sulfonates and polymers for both patterns was completed. Salinity changes in produced fluids and in observation well samples have shown that breakthrough of preflush (or preflood) has occurred at some wells in both patterns. Observation well sampling and logging data showed that preflush arrived earlier at the observation wells in the north pattern than the south pattern. Injectivities of the micellar system designed for the south pattern and components of that system were tested in three monitoring wells. Similarly, extensive injectivity testing of the surfactant and polymer slugs designed for the north pattern was conducted using two monitoring wells. Recommended preflush volumes for the south pattern were revised to reflect corrections in reservoir data (primarily due to the lack of the upper zone at well MP-213). Reservoir pressure forecasts of the superposition-of-line-sources simulator were compared with observed monitoring well pressures. Injection of the chemical preflush for the south pattern began on June 20, 1976. The micellar fluid injection began in the south pattern on March 22, 1977. (LK