1,155 research outputs found
Loop-Less Electric Dipole Moment of the Nucleon in the Standard Model
We point out that the electric dipole moment of the neutron in the Standard
Model is generated already at tree level to the second order in the weak
interactions due to bound-state effects, without short-distance Penguin loops.
The related contribution has a regular nonvanishing chiral limit and does not
depend on the mass splitting between s and d quarks. We estimate it to be
roughly 10^(-31)e*cm and expect a more accurate evaluation in the future. We
comment on the connection between d_n and the direct CP-violation in D decays.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Evidence for topological nonequilibrium in magnetic configurations
We use direct numerical simulations to study the evolution, or relaxation, of
magnetic configurations to an equilibrium state. We use the full single-fluid
equations of motion for a magnetized, non-resistive, but viscous fluid; and a
Lagrangian approach is used to obtain exact solutions for the magnetic field.
As a result, the topology of the magnetic field remains unchanged, which makes
it possible to study the case of topological nonequilibrium. We find two cases
for which such nonequilibrium appears, indicating that these configurations may
develop singular current sheets.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Index theorem for topological excitations on R^3 * S^1 and Chern-Simons theory
We derive an index theorem for the Dirac operator in the background of
various topological excitations on an R^3 \times S^1 geometry. The index
theorem provides more refined data than the APS index for an instanton on R^4
and reproduces it in decompactification limit. In the R^3 limit, it reduces to
the Callias index theorem. The index is expressed in terms of topological
charge and the eta-invariant associated with the boundary Dirac operator.
Neither topological charge nor eta-invariant is typically an integer, however,
the non-integer parts cancel to give an integer-valued index. Our derivation is
based on axial current non-conservation--an exact operator identity valid on
any four-manifold--and on the existence of a center symmetric, or approximately
center symmetric, boundary holonomy (Wilson line). We expect the index theorem
to usefully apply to many physical systems of interest, such as low temperature
(large S^1, confined) phases of gauge theories, center stabilized Yang-Mills
theories with vector-like or chiral matter (at S^1 of any size), and
supersymmetric gauge theories with supersymmetry-preserving boundary conditions
(also at any S^1). In QCD-like and chiral gauge theories, the index theorem
should shed light into the nature of topological excitations responsible for
chiral symmetry breaking and the generation of mass gap in the gauge sector. We
also show that imposing chirally-twisted boundary condition in gauge theories
with fermions induces a Chern-Simons term in the infrared. This suggests that
some QCD-like gauge theories should possess components with a topological
Chern-Simons phase in the small S^1 regime.Comment: 29 pages, refs added, published versio
Compressible hydromagnetic nonlinearities in the predecoupling plasma
The adiabatic inhomogeneities of the scalar curvature lead to a compressible
flow affecting the dynamics of the hydromagnetic nonlinearities. The influence
of the plasma on the evolution of a putative magnetic field is explored with
the aim of obtaining an effective description valid for sufficiently large
scales. The bulk velocity of the plasma, computed in the framework of the
LambdaCDM scenario, feeds back into the evolution of the magnetic power spectra
leading to a (nonlocal) master equation valid in Fourier space and similar to
the ones discussed in the context of wave turbulence. Conversely, in physical
space, the magnetic power spectra obey a Schroedinger-like equation whose
effective potential depends on the large-scale curvature perturbations.
Explicit solutions are presented both in physical space and in Fourier space.
It is argued that curvature inhomogeneities, compatible with the WMAP 7yr data,
shift to lower wavenumbers the magnetic diffusivity scale.Comment: 29 page
Scalar Quarkonia at Finite Temperature
Masses and decay constants of the scalar quarkonia, with
quantum numbers are calculated in the framework of
the QCD sum rules approach both in vacuum and finite temperature. The masses
and decay constants remain unchanged up to but they start to
diminish with increasing the temperature after this point. At near the critic
or deconfinement temperature, the decay constants reach approximately to 25% of
their values in vacuum, while the masses are decreased about 6% and 23% for
bottom and charm cases, respectively. The results at zero temperature are in a
good consistency with the existing experimental values and predictions of the
other nonperturbative approaches. Our predictions on the decay constants in
vacuum as well as the behavior of the masses and decay constants with respect
to the temperature can be checked in the future experiments.Comment: 12 Pages, 9 Figures and 2 Table
AFM of metallic nano-particles and nano-structures in heavily irradiated NaCl
AFM investigations are reported for heavily, electron irradiated NaCl crystals in ultra high vacuum (UHV) in the non-contact mode with an UHV AFM/STM Omicron system. To avoid chemical reactions between the radiolytic Na and oxygen and water, the irradiated samples were cleaved and prepared for the experiments in UHV. At the surface of freshly cleaved samples, we have observed sodium nano-precipitates with shapes, which depend on the irradiation dose and the volume fraction of the radiolytic Na. It appears that the nano-structures consist of (i) isolated nano-particles, (ii) more or less random aggregates of these particles, (iii) fractally shaped networks and (iv) ‘‘fabrics’’ consisting of bundles of Quasi-1D arrays forming polymeric networks of nano-particles. Almost independent of the concentration of the metallic Na in the samples the size of the individual nano-particles is in the range 1–3 nm. Our new AFM results are fully in line with our CESR and previous Raman scattering results.
On the effective action of the vacuum photon splitting in Lorentz-violating QED
We consider one-loop radiative corrections from Lorentz- and CPT- violating
extended QED to address the specific problem of finding explicitly an effective
action describing amplitude of photon triple splitting. We show that it is not
possible to find a nonzero photon triple splitting effective action, at least
by using the derivative expansion method (at zero external momenta), up to
leading order in the Lorentz- and CPT- violating parameter.Comment: 4 pages, version to appear in EP
Rapid dissipation of magnetic fields due to Hall current
We propose a mechanism for the fast dissipation of magnetic fields which is
effective in a stratified medium where ion motions can be neglected. In such a
medium, the field is frozen into the electrons and Hall currents prevail.
Although Hall currents conserve magnetic energy, in the presence of density
gradients, they are able to create current sheets which can be the sites for
efficient dissipation of magnetic fields. We recover the frequency,
, for Hall oscillations modified by the presence of density
gradients. We show that these oscillations can lead to the exchange of energy
between different components of the field. We calculate the time evolution and
show that magnetic fields can dissipate on a timescale of order
. This mechanism can play an important role for magnetic
dissipation in systems with very steep density gradients where the ions are
static such as those found in the solid crust of neutron stars.Comment: 9 pages, changed fig.
N=1 Non-Abelian Tensor Multiplet in Four Dimensions
We carry out the N=1 supersymmetrization of a physical non-Abelian tensor
with non-trivial consistent couplings in four dimensions. Our system has three
multiplets: (i) The usual non-Abelian vector multiplet (VM) (A_\mu{}^I,
\lambda^I), (ii) A non-Abelian tensor multiplet (TM) (B_{\mu\nu}{}^I, \chi^I,
\varphi^I), and (iii) A compensator vector multiplet (CVM) (C_\mu{}^I, \rho^I).
All of these multiplets are in the adjoint representation of a non-Abelian
group G. Unlike topological theory, all of our fields are propagating with
kinetic terms. The C_\mu{}^I-field plays the role of a Stueckelberg compensator
absorbed into the longitudinal component of B_{\mu\nu}{}^I. We give not only
the component lagrangian, but also a corresponding superspace reformulation,
reconfirming the total consistency of the system. The adjoint representation of
the TM and CVM is further generalized to an arbitrary real representation of
general SO(N) gauge group. We also couple the globally N=1 supersymmetric
system to supergravity, as an additional non-trivial confirmation.Comment: 18 pages, no figur
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